Meghana D Gadgil1, Cheryl A M Anderson2, Namratha R Kandula3, Alka M Kanaya4. 1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; meghana.gadgil@ucsf.edu. 2. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and. 3. Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. 4. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
Abstract
BACKGROUND: South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. METHODS: South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors. RESULTS: A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
BACKGROUND: South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. METHODS: South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors. RESULTS: A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Authors: Anwar T Merchant; Sonia S Anand; Linda E Kelemen; Vlad Vuksan; Ruby Jacobs; Bonnie Davis; Koon Teo; Salim Yusuf Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2007-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: S S Anand; S Yusuf; V Vuksan; S Devanesen; K K Teo; P A Montague; L Kelemen; C Yi; E Lonn; H Gerstein; R A Hegele; M McQueen Journal: Lancet Date: 2000-07-22 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Quanhe Yang; Zefeng Zhang; Edward W Gregg; W Dana Flanders; Robert Merritt; Frank B Hu Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Leontine E H Bakker; Maria A Sleddering; Jan W Schoones; A Edo Meinders; Ingrid M Jazet Journal: Eur J Endocrinol Date: 2013-10-01 Impact factor: 6.664
Authors: Alka M Kanaya; Namratha Kandula; David Herrington; Matthew J Budoff; Stephen Hulley; Eric Vittinghoff; Kiang Liu Journal: Clin Cardiol Date: 2013-11-05 Impact factor: 2.882
Authors: Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Meghana D Gadgil; Christopher B Newgard; James R Bain; Michael J Muehlbauer; Olga R Ilkayeva; Denise M Scholtens; Frank B Hu; Alka M Kanaya; Namratha R Kandula Journal: J Nutr Date: 2018-07-01 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Samara Sterling; Suzanne Judd; Brenda Bertrand; Tiffany L Carson; Paula Chandler-Laney; Monica L Baskin Journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities Date: 2017-03-09