Craig Rodriguez-Seijas1, Malki Stohl2, Deborah S Hasin3, Nicholas R Eaton1. 1. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. 2. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York. 3. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York3Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York4Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Multivariable comorbidity research indicates that many common mental disorders are manifestations of 2 latent transdiagnostic factors, internalizing and externalizing. Environmental stressors are known to increase the risk for experiencing particular mental disorders, but their relationships with transdiagnostic disorder constructs are unknown. The present study investigated one such stressor, perceived racial discrimination, which is robustly associated with a variety of mental disorders. OBJECTIVE: To examine the direct and indirect associations between perceived racial discrimination and common forms of psychopathology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Quantitative analysis of 12 common diagnoses that were previously assessed in a nationally representative sample (N = 5191) of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the United States, taken from the National Survey of American Life, and used to test the possibility that transdiagnostic factors mediate the effects of discrimination on disorders. The data were obtained from February 2001 to March 2003. Latent variable measurement models, including factor analysis, and indirect effect models were used in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mental health diagnoses from reliable and valid structured interviews and perceived race-based discrimination. RESULTS: While perceived discrimination was positively associated with all examined forms of psychopathology and substance use disorders, latent variable indirect effects modeling revealed that almost all of these associations were significantly mediated by the transdiagnostic factors. For social anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, complete mediation was found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The pathways linking perceived discrimination to psychiatric disorders were not direct but indirect (via transdiagnostic factors). Therefore, perceived discrimination may be associated with risk for myriad psychiatric disorders due to its association with transdiagnostic factors.
IMPORTANCE: Multivariable comorbidity research indicates that many common mental disorders are manifestations of 2 latent transdiagnostic factors, internalizing and externalizing. Environmental stressors are known to increase the risk for experiencing particular mental disorders, but their relationships with transdiagnostic disorder constructs are unknown. The present study investigated one such stressor, perceived racial discrimination, which is robustly associated with a variety of mental disorders. OBJECTIVE: To examine the direct and indirect associations between perceived racial discrimination and common forms of psychopathology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Quantitative analysis of 12 common diagnoses that were previously assessed in a nationally representative sample (N = 5191) of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the United States, taken from the National Survey of American Life, and used to test the possibility that transdiagnostic factors mediate the effects of discrimination on disorders. The data were obtained from February 2001 to March 2003. Latent variable measurement models, including factor analysis, and indirect effect models were used in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mental health diagnoses from reliable and valid structured interviews and perceived race-based discrimination. RESULTS: While perceived discrimination was positively associated with all examined forms of psychopathology and substance use disorders, latent variable indirect effects modeling revealed that almost all of these associations were significantly mediated by the transdiagnostic factors. For social anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, complete mediation was found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The pathways linking perceived discrimination to psychiatric disorders were not direct but indirect (via transdiagnostic factors). Therefore, perceived discrimination may be associated with risk for myriad psychiatric disorders due to its association with transdiagnostic factors.
Authors: Craig Rodriguez-Seijas; Nicholas R Eaton; Malki Stohl; Pia M Mauro; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Compr Psychiatry Date: 2017-02-09 Impact factor: 3.735
Authors: Jeffrey M Cohen; Brian A Feinstein; Craig Rodriguez-Seijas; C Barr Taylor; Michelle G Newman Journal: Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers Date: 2016-04-11
Authors: Christopher C Conway; Miriam K Forbes; Kelsie T Forbush; Eiko I Fried; Michael N Hallquist; Roman Kotov; Stephanie N Mullins-Sweatt; Alexander J Shackman; Andrew E Skodol; Susan C South; Matthew Sunderland; Monika A Waszczuk; David H Zald; Mohammad H Afzali; Marina A Bornovalova; Natacha Carragher; Anna R Docherty; Katherine G Jonas; Robert F Krueger; Praveetha Patalay; Aaron L Pincus; Jennifer L Tackett; Ulrich Reininghaus; Irwin D Waldman; Aidan G C Wright; Johannes Zimmermann; Bo Bach; R Michael Bagby; Michael Chmielewski; David C Cicero; Lee Anna Clark; Tim Dalgleish; Colin G DeYoung; Christopher J Hopwood; Masha Y Ivanova; Robert D Latzman; Christopher J Patrick; Camilo J Ruggero; Douglas B Samuel; David Watson; Nicholas R Eaton Journal: Perspect Psychol Sci Date: 2019-03-07
Authors: Jennifer C Elliott; Malka Stohl; Melanie M Wall; Katherine M Keyes; Andrew E Skodol; Nicholas R Eaton; Dvora Shmulewitz; Renee D Goodwin; Bridget F Grant; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Addiction Date: 2016-02-18 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Paolo Fusar-Poli; Marco Solmi; Natascia Brondino; Cathy Davies; Chungil Chae; Pierluigi Politi; Stefan Borgwardt; Stephen M Lawrie; Josef Parnas; Philip McGuire Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 49.548