[Astrocytes in ischemic stroke - a potential target for neuroprotective strategies].

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of adult death and disability worldwide. Present applied therapeutic strategies do not give satisfactory results. It is often emphasized that pharmacological actions aimed at reducing the area of ischemic brain injury should protect astrocytes forming together with neurons and the endothelium neurovascular unit. Astrocytes contribute importantly to proper neuronal function during both physiological and pathological conditions. In ischemic stroke, astrocytes are involved in regulation of water and ion homeostasis, cerebral blood flow, maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, and control of the extracellular level of glutamate, as well as being a source of neuroprotectants. On the other hand, astrocytes may also contribute to enlarged ischemic area due to their participation in inflammatory processes and production of potential neurotoxic substances. Herein we review experimental and clinical data concerning adaptive and pathological roles of astrocytes during both early and late phases of ischemia. Especially, we emphasize specific features of astrocytes that might become a potential target of therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.