Tuning Charge Balance in Solution-Processable Bipolar Triphenylamine-diazafluorene Host Materials for Phosphorescent Devices.

Three bipolar hosts, namely TPA-DAF, TPA-DAF2, and TPA-DAF3, comprising an electron-donating triphenylamine (TPA) group and electron-accepting 4,5-diazafluorene (DAF) units are investigated for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Given the nonplanar structure of the sp(3)-hybridized C9 atom in DAF unit, these molecules have a highly nonplanar configuration, good film-forming property, and high triplet energy (ET) of 2.88-2.89 eV. Among them, TPA-DAF shows more balanced carrier injecting/transporting ability, suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (MO) energy level and higher current density, and therefore TPA-DAF-based devices exhibit the best performances, having an extremely slight efficiency roll-off with current efficiency of 20.0 cd/A at 973 cd/m(2), 19.5 cd/A at 5586 cd/m(2), and 17.6 cd/A at 9310 cd/m(2) for blue PhOLEDs; 23.5 cd/A at 1059 cd/m(2) and 15.3 cd/A at 8850 cd/m(2) for green PhOLEDs; and 12.2 cd/A at 1526 cd/m(2), 10.5 cd/A at 5995 cd/m(2), and 9.2 cd/A at 8882 cd/m(2) for red PhOLEDs, respectively. The results also provide a direct proof for the influence of charge balance on the device performance.