Nakayuki Naritaka1, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki2, Hiroaki Sato3, Hajime Takei4, Tsuyoshi Murai5, Takao Kurosawa5, Takashi Iida6, Hiroshi Nittono4, Toshiaki Shimizu1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: msuzuki@juntendo.ac.jp. 3. Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan. 4. Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Services University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido Japan. 6. Nihon University College of Humanities and Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The primary bile acids found in meconium vary with the gestational age of the fetus and the intestinal location of the meconium. We determined the composition of bile acids in samples that were collected from the gallbladder and intestine. METHODS: The bile-acid profiles of intestinal contents and the gallbladder were obtained from nine fetuses who died from abortion or respiratory failure within 72 h after birth. Intestinal content samples were collected from seven intestinal locations. The bile-acid profiles of meconium were also obtained from seven full-term live births for comparison. The profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The bile acids in meconium collected from stillborn and live births were mainly chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, conjugated with taurine, glycine, and sulfate. The same bile acids were found in the gallbladder, except that sulfate was not found. CONCLUSIONS: Sulfate-conjugated bile acid is found in urine, but rarely in stool. In this study, the gallbladder bile acid contained no sulfate conjugates, but these were present in intestinal contents and meconium. These results indicate that sulfate-conjugated bile acids are not excreted into the intestine through the biliary tract but originate from swallowed amniotic fluid that contains fetal urine.
BACKGROUND: The primary bile acids found in meconium vary with the gestational age of the fetus and the intestinal location of the meconium. We determined the composition of bile acids in samples that were collected from the gallbladder and intestine. METHODS: The bile-acid profiles of intestinal contents and the gallbladder were obtained from nine fetuses who died from abortion or respiratory failure within 72 h after birth. Intestinal content samples were collected from seven intestinal locations. The bile-acid profiles of meconium were also obtained from seven full-term live births for comparison. The profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The bile acids in meconium collected from stillborn and live births were mainly chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, conjugated with taurine, glycine, and sulfate. The same bile acids were found in the gallbladder, except that sulfate was not found. CONCLUSIONS:Sulfate-conjugated bile acid is found in urine, but rarely in stool. In this study, the gallbladder bile acid contained no sulfate conjugates, but these were present in intestinal contents and meconium. These results indicate that sulfate-conjugated bile acids are not excreted into the intestine through the biliary tract but originate from swallowed amniotic fluid that contains fetal urine.
Authors: Maria C Estiú; Maria A Frailuna; Carla Otero; Marcela Dericco; Catherine Williamson; Jose J G Marin; Rocio I R Macias Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-04-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Ke Li; Anne M Scott; Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson; Ugo Bussy; Trinkal Patel; Zoe E Middleton; Weiming Li Journal: Molecules Date: 2016-08-24 Impact factor: 4.411
Authors: Jonas Abdel-Khalik; Thomas Hearn; Alison L Dickson; Peter J Crick; Eylan Yutuc; Karl Austin-Muttitt; Brian W Bigger; Andrew A Morris; Cedric H Shackleton; Peter T Clayton; Takashi Iida; Ria Sircar; Rajat Rohatgi; Hanns-Ulrich Marschall; Jan Sjövall; Ingemar Björkhem; Jonathan G L Mullins; William J Griffiths; Yuqin Wang Journal: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol Date: 2020-11-24 Impact factor: 4.292