Vera Grossmann1, Volker H Schmitt2, Tanja Zeller3, Marina Panova-Noeva1, Andreas Schulz4, Dagmar Laubert-Reh4, Claus Juenger4, Renate B Schnabel3, Tobias G J Abt2, Rafael Laskowski2, Jörg Wiltink5, Eberhard Schulz2, Stefan Blankenberg3, Karl J Lackner6, Thomas Münzel7, Philipp S Wild8. 1. Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 2. Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 3. Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany. 4. Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 5. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 6. Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. 7. Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany. 8. Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The inflammatory and immune systems are altered in type 2 diabetes. Here, the aim was to profile the immune and inflammatory response in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in a large population-representative sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In total, 15,010 individuals were analyzed from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Glucose status was classified according to HbA1c concentration and history of diagnosis. All samples were analyzed for white blood cells (WBCs), granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, and hematocrit. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and neopterin concentrations were determined in a subcohort. RESULTS: In total, 7,584 men and 7,426 women were analyzed (range 35-74 years), with 1,425 and 1,299 having prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Biomarkers showed varying dynamics from normoglycemic via subjects with prediabetes to subjects with diabetes: 1) gradual increase (WBCs, granulocytes, monocytes, IL-1RA, IL-18, and fibrinogen), 2) increase with subclinical disease only (lymphocytes and CRP), 3) increase from prediabetes to diabetes only (neopterin), and 4) no variation with glucose status (hematocrit). The strongest relative differences were found for CRP, IL-1RA, and fibrinogen concentrations. Several inflammatory and immune markers were associated with the glucose status independent from cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, varied with disease severity and the presence of disease-specific complications in the diabetes subcohort. CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory and immune biomarker profile varies with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation and immunity enable differentiation between the early preclinical and clinical phases of the disease, disease complications, and progression.
OBJECTIVE: The inflammatory and immune systems are altered in type 2 diabetes. Here, the aim was to profile the immune and inflammatory response in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in a large population-representative sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In total, 15,010 individuals were analyzed from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Glucose status was classified according to HbA1c concentration and history of diagnosis. All samples were analyzed for white blood cells (WBCs), granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, and hematocrit. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and neopterin concentrations were determined in a subcohort. RESULTS: In total, 7,584 men and 7,426 women were analyzed (range 35-74 years), with 1,425 and 1,299 having prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Biomarkers showed varying dynamics from normoglycemic via subjects with prediabetes to subjects with diabetes: 1) gradual increase (WBCs, granulocytes, monocytes, IL-1RA, IL-18, and fibrinogen), 2) increase with subclinical disease only (lymphocytes and CRP), 3) increase from prediabetes to diabetes only (neopterin), and 4) no variation with glucose status (hematocrit). The strongest relative differences were found for CRP, IL-1RA, and fibrinogen concentrations. Several inflammatory and immune markers were associated with the glucose status independent from cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, varied with disease severity and the presence of disease-specific complications in the diabetes subcohort. CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory and immune biomarker profile varies with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation and immunity enable differentiation between the early preclinical and clinical phases of the disease, disease complications, and progression.
Authors: Andrew J Hayden; Neil V Shah; Sarah G Stroud; Gregory S Penny; Steven A Burekhovich; Aadit T Shah; Erika Kuehn; Andrew Yang; Bassel G Diebo; Steven M Koehler Journal: J Hand Microsurg Date: 2019-06-26
Authors: João Sérgio Neves; Simon Correa; Rute Baeta Baptista; Miguel Bigotte Vieira; Sushrut S Waikar; Finnian R Mc Causland Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 5.958