Moral theory and neurology.

This article presents an outline of a general moral theory and shows its relationship to the concepts of paternalism and that of valid consent and refusal. The authors then show how this theory and these concepts can be usefully applied to the moral problems that neurologists often face in determining how to act when they have distressing information for their patients. Finally, a procedure is provided for determining when it is morally justified to deceive patients by withholding information about their diagnoses, prognoses, or about their prospective treatments.