| Literature DB >> 25861019 |
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Abstract
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Year: 2015 PMID: 25861019 PMCID: PMC4393311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005138
Source DB: PubMed Journal: PLoS Genet ISSN: 1553-7390 Impact factor: 5.917
Fig 5Cka is downstream of raw and acal.
(A) Genetic interaction between Cka and acal mutants. Number of animals analyzed: Cka ,acal = 192, Cka ,acal = 219, Cka ,acal = 391, Cka ,acal = 171. (B) Cka relative expression in wild type and mutant embryos, as determined by qPCR. (C) Expression of a heat-shock inducible Cka transgene results in DC defects. Number of animals analyzed: yw, 25°C = 526, yw, 29°C = 591, HS-Cka, 25°C = 2006, HS-Cka, 29°C = 3227. (D) Cka expression increase due to heat shock in hs-Cka flies was confirmed by qPCR. For (A,C) embryos surviving embryogenesis represent the open space above the bar to amount to one hundred percent total of embryos analyzed. Chi square tests were used to calculate significance. For (B,D) represents the means of three independent experiments run twice +/− SEM. Significance was assessed using Student’s t test. (E-H) dpp in situ hybridization experiments, showing JNK-induced dpp expression (arrows). (E) Wild type embryo. (F) raw ,en-gal4/+ control, showing dpp ectopic activation (arrow). (G) Expression of UAS-rawRA with en-gal 4, which expresses gal 4 at posterior compartments of each segment. Arrowheads show cell-autonomous suppression of dpp ectopic expression. (H) Silencing of Cka with an RNAi construct (UAS-Cka-IR) under en-gal 4 also suppresses dpp ectopic expression in posterior compartments of raw mutants (arrowheads).
Fig 6raw and acal act together to counteract JNK signaling.
(A) Wild type cuticle. (B) Cuticle phenotype of raw mutant embryo. (C) Genetic interaction between raw and acal mutants. raw-like phenotype is depicted in (B). In raw ; acal mutants a small percentage survives embryogenesis, and constitute the open space above the bar to amount to a hundred percent total. Number of animals analyzed: raw ,acal = 391, raw ,acal = 139, raw ,acal = 366, raw ,acal = 152, raw ,acal = 208. Significance was assessed with chi square tests. (D-E) acal in situ hybridization in raw mutants (n = 45; D) and heterozygous siblings (n = 106; E). Arrow in (E) points to decreased acal expression in the lateral epidermis. See also S5 Fig. (F-I) Scanning electron micrographs of dorsal views of adult thoraces, anterior is up. Scale bars are 100 μm. (F) UAS-acal/+ control, (G) pnr-gal4/+ control, and (H) over-expression of two UAS-acal copies. The white box in (H) is amplified in (I), depicting distances (red lines) measured to determine the thoracic cleft index, using anterior dorso-central (ADC) and posterior dorso-central (PDC) bristles as references (see Materials and Methods). (J) Percentage change of thoracic cleft index for different experimental conditions. Mean of 15 flies +/− SEM. Significance was calculated using ANOVA and Bonferroni correction.