Katie J Field1, Jeffrey G Duckett2, Duncan D Cameron2, Silvia Pressel2. 1. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK and Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK k.field@sheffield.ac.uk. 2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK and Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Following the consensus view for unitary origin and conserved function of stomata across over 400 million years of land plant evolution, stomatal abundance has been widely used to reconstruct palaeo-atmospheric environments. However, the responsiveness of stomata in mosses and hornworts, the most basal stomate lineages of extant land plants, has received relatively little attention. This study aimed to redress this imbalance and provide the first direct evidence of bryophyte stomatal responsiveness to atmospheric CO2. METHODS: A selection of hornwort (Anthoceros punctatus, Phaeoceros laevis) and moss (Polytrichum juniperinum, Mnium hornum, Funaria hygrometrica) sporophytes with contrasting stomatal morphologies were grown under different atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) representing both modern (440 p.p.m. CO2) and ancient (1500 p.p.m. CO2) atmospheres. Upon sporophyte maturation, stomata from each bryophyte species were imaged, measured and quantified. KEY RESULTS: Densities and dimensions were unaffected by changes in [CO2], other than a slight increase in stomatal density in Funaria and abnormalities in Polytrichum stomata under elevated [CO2]. CONCLUSIONS: The changes to stomata in Funaria and Polytrichum are attributed to differential growth of the sporophytes rather than stomata-specific responses. The absence of responses to changes in [CO2] in bryophytes is in line with findings previously reported in other early lineages of vascular plants. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of an incremental acquisition of stomatal regulatory processes through land plant evolution and urge considerable caution in using stomatal densities as proxies for paleo-atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Following the consensus view for unitary origin and conserved function of stomata across over 400 million years of land plant evolution, stomatal abundance has been widely used to reconstruct palaeo-atmospheric environments. However, the responsiveness of stomata in mosses and hornworts, the most basal stomate lineages of extant land plants, has received relatively little attention. This study aimed to redress this imbalance and provide the first direct evidence of bryophyte stomatal responsiveness to atmospheric CO2. METHODS: A selection of hornwort (Anthoceros punctatus, Phaeoceros laevis) and moss (Polytrichum juniperinum, Mnium hornum, Funaria hygrometrica) sporophytes with contrasting stomatal morphologies were grown under different atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) representing both modern (440 p.p.m. CO2) and ancient (1500 p.p.m. CO2) atmospheres. Upon sporophyte maturation, stomata from each bryophyte species were imaged, measured and quantified. KEY RESULTS: Densities and dimensions were unaffected by changes in [CO2], other than a slight increase in stomatal density in Funaria and abnormalities in Polytrichum stomata under elevated [CO2]. CONCLUSIONS: The changes to stomata in Funaria and Polytrichum are attributed to differential growth of the sporophytes rather than stomata-specific responses. The absence of responses to changes in [CO2] in bryophytes is in line with findings previously reported in other early lineages of vascular plants. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of an incremental acquisition of stomatal regulatory processes through land plant evolution and urge considerable caution in using stomatal densities as proxies for paleo-atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Authors: Yin-Long Qiu; Libo Li; Bin Wang; Zhiduan Chen; Volker Knoop; Milena Groth-Malonek; Olena Dombrovska; Jungho Lee; Livija Kent; Joshua Rest; George F Estabrook; Tory A Hendry; David W Taylor; Christopher M Testa; Mathew Ambros; Barbara Crandall-Stotler; R Joel Duff; Michael Stech; Wolfgang Frey; Dietmar Quandt; Charles C Davis Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2006-10-09 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Stefan A Rensing; Daniel Lang; Andreas D Zimmer; Astrid Terry; Asaf Salamov; Harris Shapiro; Tomoaki Nishiyama; Pierre-François Perroud; Erika A Lindquist; Yasuko Kamisugi; Takako Tanahashi; Keiko Sakakibara; Tomomichi Fujita; Kazuko Oishi; Tadasu Shin-I; Yoko Kuroki; Atsushi Toyoda; Yutaka Suzuki; Shin-Ichi Hashimoto; Kazuo Yamaguchi; Sumio Sugano; Yuji Kohara; Asao Fujiyama; Aldwin Anterola; Setsuyuki Aoki; Neil Ashton; W Brad Barbazuk; Elizabeth Barker; Jeffrey L Bennetzen; Robert Blankenship; Sung Hyun Cho; Susan K Dutcher; Mark Estelle; Jeffrey A Fawcett; Heidrun Gundlach; Kousuke Hanada; Alexander Heyl; Karen A Hicks; Jon Hughes; Martin Lohr; Klaus Mayer; Alexander Melkozernov; Takashi Murata; David R Nelson; Birgit Pils; Michael Prigge; Bernd Reiss; Tanya Renner; Stephane Rombauts; Paul J Rushton; Anton Sanderfoot; Gabriele Schween; Shin-Han Shiu; Kurt Stueber; Frederica L Theodoulou; Hank Tu; Yves Van de Peer; Paul J Verrier; Elizabeth Waters; Andrew Wood; Lixing Yang; David Cove; Andrew C Cuming; Mitsuyasu Hasebe; Susan Lucas; Brent D Mishler; Ralf Reski; Igor V Grigoriev; Ralph S Quatrano; Jeffrey L Boore Journal: Science Date: 2007-12-13 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Scott A M McAdam; Timothy J Brodribb; Jo Ann Banks; Rainer Hedrich; Nadia M Atallah; Chao Cai; Michael A Geringer; Christof Lind; David S Nichols; Kye Stachowski; Dietmar Geiger; Frances C Sussmilch Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-10-26 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Karen S Renzaglia; Juan Carlos Villarreal; Bryan T Piatkowski; Jessica R Lucas; Amelia Merced Journal: Plant Physiol Date: 2017-04-18 Impact factor: 8.340