Sarah E Romens1, Melynda D Casement1, Rose McAloon1, Kate Keenan2, Alison E Hipwell1,3, Amanda E Guyer4, Erika E Forbes1,3,5. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA. 4. Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. 5. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage are at heightened risk for developing depression; however, little is known about neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association. Low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood may confer risk for depression through its stress-related effects on the neural circuitry associated with processing monetary rewards. METHODS: In a prospective study, we examined the relationships among the number of years of household receipt of public assistance from age 5-16 years, neural activation during monetary reward anticipation and receipt at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 16 in 123 girls. RESULTS: Number of years of household receipt of public assistance was positively associated with heightened response in the medial prefrontal cortex during reward anticipation, and this heightened neural response mediated the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and current depression symptoms, controlling for past depression. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood may alter neural circuitry involved in reward anticipation in adolescence, which in turn may confer risk for depression.
BACKGROUND:Children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage are at heightened risk for developing depression; however, little is known about neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association. Low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood may confer risk for depression through its stress-related effects on the neural circuitry associated with processing monetary rewards. METHODS: In a prospective study, we examined the relationships among the number of years of household receipt of public assistance from age 5-16 years, neural activation during monetary reward anticipation and receipt at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 16 in 123 girls. RESULTS: Number of years of household receipt of public assistance was positively associated with heightened response in the medial prefrontal cortex during reward anticipation, and this heightened neural response mediated the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and current depression symptoms, controlling for past depression. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood may alter neural circuitry involved in reward anticipation in adolescence, which in turn may confer risk for depression.
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