Katharina Boehm1,2, Roger Valdivieso3,4, Malek Meskawi3,4, Alessandro Larcher3,5, Maxine Sun3, José Sosa3, Audrey Blanc-Lapierre6, Deborah Weiss6, Markus Graefen7, Fred Saad4, Marie-Élise Parent6,8, Pierre I Karakiewicz3,4. 1. Martini-Klinik am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. boehm@martini-klinik.de. 2. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, 264 Blvd. Rene-Levesque E. Room 228, Montreal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada. boehm@martini-klinik.de. 3. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, 264 Blvd. Rene-Levesque E. Room 228, Montreal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada. 4. Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada. 5. Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. 6. INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada. 7. Martini-Klinik am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 8. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In a population-based case-control study (PROtEuS), we examined the association between prostate cancer (PCa) and (1) benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) history at any time prior to PCa diagnosis, (2) BPH-history reported at least 1 year prior to interview/diagnosis (index date) and (3) exposure to BPH-medications. METHODS: Cases were 1933 men with incident prostate cancer diagnosed across Montreal French hospitals between 2005 and 2009. Population controls were 1994 men from the same age distribution and residential area. In-person interviews collected socio-demographic characteristics and medical history, e.g., BPH diagnosis, duration and treatment, as well as on PCa screening. Logistic regression analyses tested overall and grade-specific associations, including subgroup analyses with frequent PSA testing. RESULTS: A BPH-history was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR 1.37 [95 % CI 1.16-2.61]), more pronounced for low-grade PCa (Gleason ≤6: OR 1.54 [1.26-1.87]; Gleason ≥7: OR 1.05 [0.86-1.27]). The association was not significant when BPH-history diagnosis was more than 1 year prior to index date, except for low-grade PCa (OR 1.29 [1.05-1.60]). Exposure to 5α reductase inhibitors (5α-RI) resulted in a decreased risk of overall PCa (OR 0.62 [0.42-0.92]), particularly for intermediate- to high-grade PCa (Gleason ≤6: OR 0.70 [0.43-1.14]; Gleason ≥7: OR 0.43 [0.26-0.72]). Adjusting for PSA testing frequency or restricting analyses to frequently screened subjects did not affect these results. CONCLUSION: BPH-history was associated with an increased PCa risk, which disappeared, when BPH-history did not include BPH diagnosis within the previous year. Our results also suggest that 5α-RI exposure exerts a protective effect on intermediate and high-grade PCa.
INTRODUCTION: In a population-based case-control study (PROtEuS), we examined the association between prostate cancer (PCa) and (1) benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) history at any time prior to PCa diagnosis, (2) BPH-history reported at least 1 year prior to interview/diagnosis (index date) and (3) exposure to BPH-medications. METHODS: Cases were 1933 men with incident prostate cancer diagnosed across Montreal French hospitals between 2005 and 2009. Population controls were 1994 men from the same age distribution and residential area. In-person interviews collected socio-demographic characteristics and medical history, e.g., BPH diagnosis, duration and treatment, as well as on PCa screening. Logistic regression analyses tested overall and grade-specific associations, including subgroup analyses with frequent PSA testing. RESULTS: A BPH-history was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR 1.37 [95 % CI 1.16-2.61]), more pronounced for low-grade PCa (Gleason ≤6: OR 1.54 [1.26-1.87]; Gleason ≥7: OR 1.05 [0.86-1.27]). The association was not significant when BPH-history diagnosis was more than 1 year prior to index date, except for low-grade PCa (OR 1.29 [1.05-1.60]). Exposure to 5α reductase inhibitors (5α-RI) resulted in a decreased risk of overall PCa (OR 0.62 [0.42-0.92]), particularly for intermediate- to high-grade PCa (Gleason ≤6: OR 0.70 [0.43-1.14]; Gleason ≥7: OR 0.43 [0.26-0.72]). Adjusting for PSA testing frequency or restricting analyses to frequently screened subjects did not affect these results. CONCLUSION: BPH-history was associated with an increased PCa risk, which disappeared, when BPH-history did not include BPH diagnosis within the previous year. Our results also suggest that 5α-RI exposure exerts a protective effect on intermediate and high-grade PCa.
Authors: Gerald L Andriole; David G Bostwick; Otis W Brawley; Leonard G Gomella; Michael Marberger; Francesco Montorsi; Curtis A Pettaway; Teuvo L Tammela; Claudio Teloken; Donald J Tindall; Matthew C Somerville; Timothy H Wilson; Ivy L Fowler; Roger S Rittmaster Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-04-01 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Stephen J Freedland; William B Isaacs; Elizabeth A Platz; Martha K Terris; William J Aronson; Christopher L Amling; Joseph C Presti; Christopher J Kane Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2005-10-20 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Anand P Chokkalingam; Olof Nyrén; Jan-Erik Johansson; Gloria Gridley; Joseph K McLaughlin; Hans-Olov Adami; Ann W Hsing Journal: Cancer Date: 2003-10-15 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Mark A Preston; Kathryn M Wilson; Sarah C Markt; Rongbin Ge; Christopher Morash; Meir J Stampfer; Massimo Loda; Edward Giovannucci; Lorelei A Mucci; Aria F Olumi Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2014-08 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Mohamed Bishr; Katharina Boehm; Vincent Trudeau; Zhe Tian; Paolo Dell'Oglio; Jonas Schiffmann; Claudio Jeldres; Maxine Sun; Sharokh F Shariat; Markus Graefen; Fred Saad; Pierre I Karakiewicz Journal: Can Urol Assoc J Date: 2016 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 1.862