Ngan N Lam1, Eric McArthur2, S Joseph Kim3, G V Ramesh Prasad4, Krista L Lentine5, Peter P Reese6, Bertram L Kasiske7, Charmaine E Lok4, Liane S Feldman8, Amit X Garg9. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 2. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Ontario, Canada. 3. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO; Center for Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO. 6. Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 7. Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 8. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 9. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: amit.garg@lhsc.on.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the general population, high serum uric acid concentration is a risk factor for gout. It is unknown whether donating a kidney increases a living donor's risk of gout as serum uric acid concentration increases in donors after nephrectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective matched cohort study using large health care databases. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: We studied living kidney donors who donated in 1992 to 2010 in Ontario, Canada. Matched nondonors were selected from the healthiest segment of the general population. 1,988 donors and 19,880 matched nondonors were followed up for a median of 8.4 (maximum, 20.8) years. PREDICTOR: Living kidney donor nephrectomy. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was time to a diagnosis of gout. The secondary outcome in a subpopulation was receipt of medications typically used to treat gout (allopurinol or colchicine). MEASUREMENTS: We assessed the primary outcome with health care diagnostic codes. RESULTS: Donors compared with nondonors were more likely to be given a diagnosis of gout (3.4% vs 2.0%; 3.5 vs 2.1 events/1,000 person-years; HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1; P<0.001). Similarly, donors compared with nondonors were more likely to receive a prescription for allopurinol or colchicine (3.8% vs 1.3%; OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.7; P=0.002). Results were consistent in multiple additional analyses. LIMITATIONS: The primary outcome was assessed using diagnostic codes in health care databases. Laboratory values for serum uric acid and creatinine in follow-up were not available in our data sources. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that donating a kidney modestly increases an individual's absolute long-term incidence of gout. This unique observation should be corroborated in future studies.
BACKGROUND: In the general population, high serum uric acid concentration is a risk factor for gout. It is unknown whether donating a kidney increases a living donor's risk of gout as serum uric acid concentration increases in donors after nephrectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective matched cohort study using large health care databases. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: We studied living kidney donors who donated in 1992 to 2010 in Ontario, Canada. Matched nondonors were selected from the healthiest segment of the general population. 1,988 donors and 19,880 matched nondonors were followed up for a median of 8.4 (maximum, 20.8) years. PREDICTOR: Living kidney donor nephrectomy. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was time to a diagnosis of gout. The secondary outcome in a subpopulation was receipt of medications typically used to treat gout (allopurinol or colchicine). MEASUREMENTS: We assessed the primary outcome with health care diagnostic codes. RESULTS: Donors compared with nondonors were more likely to be given a diagnosis of gout (3.4% vs 2.0%; 3.5 vs 2.1 events/1,000 person-years; HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1; P<0.001). Similarly, donors compared with nondonors were more likely to receive a prescription for allopurinol or colchicine (3.8% vs 1.3%; OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.7; P=0.002). Results were consistent in multiple additional analyses. LIMITATIONS: The primary outcome was assessed using diagnostic codes in health care databases. Laboratory values for serum uric acid and creatinine in follow-up were not available in our data sources. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that donating a kidney modestly increases an individual's absolute long-term incidence of gout. This unique observation should be corroborated in future studies.
Authors: Krista L Lentine; Farrukh M Koraishy; Nagaraju Sarabu; Abhijit S Naik; Ngan N Lam; Amit X Garg; David Axelrod; Zidong Zhang; Gregory P Hess; Bertram L Kasiske; Dorry L Segev; Macey L Henderson; Allan B Massie; Courtenay M Holscher; Mark A Schnitzler Journal: Clin Transplant Date: 2019-09-08 Impact factor: 2.863
Authors: Vivian S Tan; Amit X Garg; Eric McArthur; Ngan N Lam; Manish M Sood; Kyla L Naylor Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2017-02-02 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Ngan N Lam; Amit X Garg; Dorry L Segev; Mark A Schnitzler; Huiling Xiao; David Axelrod; Daniel C Brennan; Bertram L Kasiske; Janet E Tuttle-Newhall; Krista L Lentine Journal: Am J Nephrol Date: 2015-04-17 Impact factor: 3.754
Authors: Krista L Lentine; Ngan N Lam; Mark A Schnitzler; Amit X Garg; Huiling Xiao; Sheila E Leander; Daniel C Brennan; Sandra J Taler; David Axelrod; Dorry L Segev Journal: Clin Transplant Date: 2015-09-18 Impact factor: 2.863