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Literature DB >> 25818664

The Mycobacterial Cell Wall--Peptidoglycan and Arabinogalactan.

Luke J Alderwick¹, James Harrison¹, Georgina S Lloyd¹, Helen L Birch¹.

Abstract

The mycobacterial bacillus is encompassed by a remarkably elaborate cell wall structure. The mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex is essential for the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and maintains a robust basal structure supporting the upper "myco-membrane." M. tuberculosis peptidoglycan, although appearing to be unexceptional at first glance, contains a number of unique molecular subtleties that become particularly important as the TB-bacilli enters into nonreplicative growth during dormancy. Arabinogalactan, a highly branched polysaccharide, serves to connect peptidoglycan with the outer mycolic acid layer, and a variety of unique glycolsyltransferases are used for its assembly. In this review, we shall explore the microbial chemistry of this unique heteropolysacchride, examine the molecular genetics that underpins its fabrication, and discuss how the essential biosynthetic process might be exploited for the development of future anti-TB chemotherapies.

Entities: Chemical Gene Species

Mesh：

Substances：

Year: 2015 PMID： 25818664 PMCID： PMC4526729 DOI： 10.1101/cshperspect.a021113

Source DB: PubMed Journal: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med ISSN： 2157-1422 Impact factor: 6.915

139 in total

1. Tetrameric structure of the GlfT2 galactofuranosyltransferase reveals a scaffold for the assembly of mycobacterial Arabinogalactan.

Authors: Robert W Wheatley; Ruixiang Blake Zheng; Michele R Richards; Todd L Lowary; Kenneth K S Ng
Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2012-06-15 Impact factor: 5.157

2. The serine/threonine kinase PknB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphorylates PBPA, a penicillin-binding protein required for cell division.

Authors: Arunava Dasgupta; Pratik Datta; Manikuntala Kundu; Joyoti Basu
Journal: Microbiology (Reading) Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 2.777

3. Structural basis of inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1 by benzothiazinone inhibitors.

Authors: Sarah M Batt; Talat Jabeen; Veemal Bhowruth; Lee Quill; Peter A Lund; Lothar Eggeling; Luke J Alderwick; Klaus Fütterer; Gurdyal S Besra
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2012-06-25 Impact factor: 11.205

4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1302 and Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_4947 have WecA function and MSMEG_4947 is required for the growth of M. smegmatis.

Authors: Yue Jin; Yi Xin; Wenli Zhang; Yufang Ma
Journal: FEMS Microbiol Lett Date: 2010-06-23 Impact factor: 2.742

5. Location of the mycolyl ester substituents in the cell walls of mycobacteria.

Authors: M McNeil; M Daffe; P J Brennan
Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 1991-07-15 Impact factor: 5.157

Review 6. The envelope of mycobacteria.

Authors: P J Brennan; H Nikaido
Journal: Annu Rev Biochem Date: 1995 Impact factor: 23.643

7. Structure-function analysis of MurJ reveals a solvent-exposed cavity containing residues essential for peptidoglycan biogenesis in Escherichia coli.

Authors: Emily K Butler; Rebecca M Davis; Vase Bari; Paul A Nicholson; Natividad Ruiz
Journal: J Bacteriol Date: 2013-08-09 Impact factor: 3.490

8. Effects of ethambutol on accumulation and secretion of trehalose mycolates and free mycolic acid in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Authors: J O Kilburn; K Takayama
Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 1981-09 Impact factor: 5.191

9. Novel inhibitors of an emerging target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; substituted thiazolidinones as inhibitors of dTDP-rhamnose synthesis.

Authors: Kerim Babaoglu; Mark A Page; Victoria C Jones; Michael R McNeil; Changjiang Dong; James H Naismith; Richard E Lee
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Date: 2003-10-06 Impact factor: 2.823

10. Biosynthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan: identification of a novel alpha(1-->3) arabinofuranosyltransferase.

Authors: Helen L Birch; Luke J Alderwick; Apoorva Bhatt; Doris Rittmann; Karin Krumbach; Albel Singh; Yu Bai; Todd L Lowary; Lothar Eggeling; Gurdyal S Besra
Journal: Mol Microbiol Date: 2008-07-04 Impact factor: 3.501

50 in total

Review 1. Chemical Biology Tools for Examining the Bacterial Cell Wall.

Authors: Ashley R Brown; Rebecca A Gordon; Stephen N Hyland; M Sloan Siegrist; Catherine L Grimes
Journal: Cell Chem Biol Date: 2020-08-20 Impact factor: 8.116

2. The endogenous galactofuranosidase GlfH1 hydrolyzes mycobacterial arabinogalactan.

Authors: Lin Shen; Albertus Viljoen; Sydney Villaume; Maju Joe; Iman Halloum; Loïc Chêne; Alexandre Méry; Emeline Fabre; Kaoru Takegawa; Todd L Lowary; Stéphane P Vincent; Laurent Kremer; Yann Guérardel; Christophe Mariller
Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2020-02-27 Impact factor: 5.157

3. Cryo-EM Structures and Regulation of Arabinofuranosyltransferase AftD from Mycobacteria.

Authors: Yong Zi Tan; Lei Zhang; José Rodrigues; Ruixiang Blake Zheng; Sabrina I Giacometti; Ana L Rosário; Brian Kloss; Venkata P Dandey; Hui Wei; Richard Brunton; Ashleigh M Raczkowski; Diogo Athayde; Maria João Catalão; Madalena Pimentel; Oliver B Clarke; Todd L Lowary; Margarida Archer; Michael Niederweis; Clinton S Potter; Bridget Carragher; Filippo Mancia
Journal: Mol Cell Date: 2020-05-07 Impact factor: 17.970

The Mycobacterial Cell Wall--Peptidoglycan and Arabinogalactan.

1. Tetrameric structure of the GlfT2 galactofuranosyltransferase reveals a scaffold for the assembly of mycobacterial Arabinogalactan.

2. The serine/threonine kinase PknB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphorylates PBPA, a penicillin-binding protein required for cell division.

3. Structural basis of inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1 by benzothiazinone inhibitors.

4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1302 and Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_4947 have WecA function and MSMEG_4947 is required for the growth of M. smegmatis.

5. Location of the mycolyl ester substituents in the cell walls of mycobacteria.

Review 6. The envelope of mycobacteria.

7. Structure-function analysis of MurJ reveals a solvent-exposed cavity containing residues essential for peptidoglycan biogenesis in Escherichia coli.

8. Effects of ethambutol on accumulation and secretion of trehalose mycolates and free mycolic acid in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

9. Novel inhibitors of an emerging target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; substituted thiazolidinones as inhibitors of dTDP-rhamnose synthesis.

10. Biosynthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan: identification of a novel alpha(1-->3) arabinofuranosyltransferase.

Review 1. Chemical Biology Tools for Examining the Bacterial Cell Wall.

2. The endogenous galactofuranosidase GlfH1 hydrolyzes mycobacterial arabinogalactan.

3. Cryo-EM Structures and Regulation of Arabinofuranosyltransferase AftD from Mycobacteria.

4. Human mesenchymal stem cell based intracellular dormancy model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Review 5. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Heterologous Immunity to Tuberculosis.

Review 6. Small Molecule Sensors Targeting the Bacterial Cell Wall.

Review 7. Esx Systems and the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope: What's the Connection?

8. Interplay of Carbohydrate and Carrier in Antibacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines.

Review 9. β-Lactam Resistance Mechanisms: Gram-Positive Bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

10. Synthetic arabinomannan glycolipids impede mycobacterial growth, sliding motility and biofilm structure.