| Literature DB >> 25813325 |
Young Hee Lee1, Young-Mee Lee1, Hyojin Kwon1.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the chronological changes and progress in medical education research in Korea and to identify the less investigated topics that need further study and improvement with regard to methodological quality. Of the 590 articles that were published from 1989 to 2010 in the Korean Journal of Medical Education, 386 original research papers were extracted for the analysis. The extracted papers were systematically reviewed using 2 analysis schemes that we developed: one scheme was designed to classify research topics, and the other determined the methodology that was used. The main results were as follows: The most popular research areas were curriculum, educational method, and evaluation in basic medical education; in contrast, studies that addressed postgraduate education, continuous professional development, and educational administration were less frequent; The most frequently studied topics were clinical performance/skills evaluation, clerkship, curriculum development, and problem-based learning, Quantitative studies predominated over qualitative studies and mixed methods (265 vs. 95 vs. 26). Two hundred forty papers were descriptive, cross-sectional studies, and 17 were experimental studies. Most qualitative studies were non-participation observational studies. In conclusion, there has been dramatic growth in the extent of medical education research in Korea in the past two decades. However, more studies that investigate the graduate medical education and the continuous professional development should be performed. Moreover, robust experimental designs and methods should be applied to provide stronger evidence that can practice best-evidence medical education.Entities:
Keywords: Medical education; Methodology; Research; Topics; Trend analysis
Year: 2012 PMID: 25813325 PMCID: PMC8813354 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2012.24.4.287
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Korean J Med Educ ISSN: 2005-727X
Fig. 1.A Scheme for Categorizing Research Topic
EBM: Evidence-based medicine, PBL: Problem-based learning, TBL: Team-based learning, OSCE: Objective structured clinical examination, CPX: Clinical performance examination.
Fig. 2.A Scheme for Classifying Research Methodology
Original Research Papers in KJME by Year: from 1989 to 2010
| The no. of annual issuance | No. of papers by year | Total no. of articles (mean no. of articles per each volume) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semiannual | A | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 194 (6.9/vol.) | |
| B | 9 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 13 | |||
| A | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | |||
| B | 8 | 11 | 13 | 21 | 27 | 30 | 26 | 386 (6.9/vol.) | ||
| Triannual | A | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 89 (7.4/vol.) | ||||
| B | 20 | 21 | 24 | 24 | ||||||
| Quarterly | A | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 103 (6.9/vol.) | ||||
| B | 28 | 24 | 27 | 24 | ||||||
KJME: Korean Journal of Medical Education, A: Year, B: Number of original articles, vol.: Volume.
Chronological Classification of Papers According to Research Topic
| Research topic areas | Year | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| 1989~1990 | 1991~1995 | 1996~2000 | 2001~2005 | 2006~2010 | ||
| Education in general | 6 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 26 (6.7) |
| Curriculum | 3 | 10 | 22 | 31 | 40 | 106 (27.5) |
| Educational methods | 1 | 3 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 54 (14.0) |
| Educational evaluation | 5 | 9 | 13 | 39 | 33 | 99 (25.6) |
| Educational administration | - | 1 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 23 (6.0) |
| Students | - | - | 2 | 7 | 18 | 27 (7.0) |
| Faculty | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 (2.1) |
| Fellows | 1 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 26 (6.7) |
| Graduate medical education | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 4 (1.0) |
| Continuous professional development | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 (1.8) |
| Not-classified | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 6 (1.6) |
| Total | 19 | 39 | 81 | 121 | 127 | 386 (100.0) |
Values are presented as number of articles (%).
Chronological Classification of Papers According to Research Methodology
| Classification according to research designs | Year | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| 1989~1990 | 1991~1995 | 1996~2000 | 2001~2005 | 2006~2010 | |||
| Quantitative | Survey | ||||||
| Research purpose | |||||||
| Descriptive | 3 | 11 | 36 | 69 | 54 | 173 | |
| Correlation analysis | - | 2 | 4 | 13 | 24 | 43 | |
| Causal comparative study | - | 1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 31 | |
| NA | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Data collection method | |||||||
| Direct survey | 1 | 7 | 23 | 62 | 79 | 172 | |
| Mail survey | 1 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
| Telephone survey | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| NA | 1 | 4 | 16 | 19 | 4 | 44 | |
| Time points of data collecting | |||||||
| Cross-sectional | 3 | 11 | 43 | 92 | 91 | 240 | |
| Longitudinal | - | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | 8 | |
| Delphi method | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Subtotal of survey | 3 | 14 | 45 | 92 | 94 | 248 | |
| Experimental | |||||||
| One-group posttest-only design | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | |
| One-group pretest-posttest design | - | - | - | 1 | 5 | 6 | |
| Posttest-only non-equivalent group design | - | - | 2 | - | 3 | 5 | |
| Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | 4 | |
| Subtotal of experimental studies | - | - | 3 | 1 | 13 | 17 | |
| Subtotal of quantitative researches | 3 | 14 | 48 | 93 | 107 | 265 | |
| Qualitative | Non-participant observation | ||||||
| Observational study | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | |
| Case study | 7 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 35 | |
| Content analysis | 7 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 7 | 58 | |
| Subtotal qualitative research | 14 | 25 | 27 | 21 | 8 | 95 | |
| Mixed research | 2 | - | 5 | 7 | 12 | 26 | |
| Total | 19 | 39 | 80 | 121 | 127 | 386 | |
Values are presented as number of articles.
NA stands for ‘not applicable’.
If more than one data collection method had been used in one study, values were counted separately.
| Topic areas | Topics | 1989~1990 | 1991~1995 | 1996~2000 | 2001~2005 | 2006~2010 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education in general | Status of medical education | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 1 | 9 |
| Educational goals | - | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 7 | |
| Survey | 2 | - | 5 | - | 2 | 9 | |
| Research in medical education | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Subtotal | 6 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 26 | |
|
| |||||||
| Curriculum | Curriculum in general | 1 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 31 |
| Communication | - | - | - | 2 | 13 | 15 | |
| Professionalism | - | 2 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 19 | |
| Clinical training | 1 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 28 | |
| Integrated medical education | - | - | 3 | - | 2 | 5 | |
| Community service courses | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Patient safety | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | |
| Leadership | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Evidence-based medicine | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | |
| Subtotal | 3 | 10 | 22 | 31 | 40 | 106 | |
|
| |||||||
| Educational methods | Problem-based learning | - | 1 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 27 |
| Team-based learning | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Multimedia assisted education | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 17 | |
| Simulation | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Teaching methods | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 8 | |
| Subtotal | 1 | 3 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 54 | |
|
| |||||||
| Evaluation | National medical doctor licensing examination | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 18 |
| Clinical performance/skills evaluation | 1 | - | 3 | 14 | 15 | 33 | |
| Course evaluation | - | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | |
| Item development and analysis | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 10 | |
| Determinants of academic achievement | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 13 | |
| Types of evaluation | 1 | - | - | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
| Curriculum evaluation | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
| Accreditation | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | 5 | |
| Subtotal | 5 | 9 | 13 | 39 | 33 | 99 | |
|
| |||||||
| Educational administration | Admission | - | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 8 |
| Educational system | - | - | 2 | 4 | - | 6 | |
| Supporting organization for education | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| Finance of education | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Educational environment | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Subtotal | - | 1 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 23 | |
|
| |||||||
| Students | Mental health | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 |
| Personality traits | - | - | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | |
| School adjustment | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Learning style | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | |
| Career development | - | - | - | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| Learning-related variables | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | |
| Subtotal | - | - | 2 | 7 | 18 | 27 | |
|
| |||||||
| Faculty | Job satisfaction | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Faculty development | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| Faculty evaluation system | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 | |
| Subtotal | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | |
|
| |||||||
| Fellows | Basic status | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Curriculum | - | - | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 | |
| Evaluation | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | 3 | 8 | |
| Characteristics of specialists | - | - | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
| Residency training system | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Subtotal | 1 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 26 | |
|
| |||||||
| Graduate medical education | Status of education | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| System development | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Multimedia assisted education | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Evaluation | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Subtotal | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 4 | |
|
| |||||||
| Continuous professional development | Training methods | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Training system | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Satisfaction of education | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Status of education | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Physician characteristics | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Subtotal | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | |
|
| |||||||
| Not-classified | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 6 | |
|
| |||||||
| Total | 19 | 39 | 80 | 121 | 127 | 386 | |