Mamdooh Gari1, Mohammed Dakhakhni2, Abdullah Gari3, Erada Alshihri2, Rowan Al-Jahdali2, Kothandaraman Narasimhan4, Shen Liang5, Fatin Al-Sayes3, Gauthaman Kalamegam4, Adeel Chaudhary1, Adel Abuzenadah1, Mohammed Al-Qahtani1. 1. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. 3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. 5. Biostatistics Unit at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign neutropenia often presents in certain populations without any genotype nor phenotype. Middle East countries are among the regions where endemic cases of chronic benign neutropenia are reported in the general population with an incidence of approximately between 10-15%. Not many studies have been performed to ascertain the cause or burden associated with this condition. The objective of the current study was to identify the frequency and characterize the consequences of chronic benign neutropenia in the country of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Benign neutropenia was found to be high in the Saudi Arabia general population (up to 20%), with an average neutrophil count of 1.48 (range 0.99 - 1.95 × 10(9)cells/L), with Saudis having a higher incidence of chronic benign neutropenia compared to non-Saudis (p = <0.05). Complete blood count analyses showed significant difference in the total white cell count of neutrophils (p < 0.0001), WBC (p < 0.0001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001), monocytes (p < 0.001), eosinophils (p = 0.013) as well as the CD19 B cells (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to carefully quantitate benign neutropenia in Saudi Arabia. We identified that this condition is prevalent in the middle aged population (18 years to 55 years). These individuals not only had lower neutrophil counts, but also reduced peripheral blood cells types, especially the B-lymphocyte population (CD19 subset). As B-lymphocytes are involved in antibody production and antigen recognition, a decrease might easily predispose the individuals to infectious agents. As such more mechanistic studies need to be undertaken to understand the cause and potential long-term consequences of benign neutropenia.
BACKGROUND:Benign neutropenia often presents in certain populations without any genotype nor phenotype. Middle East countries are among the regions where endemic cases of chronic benign neutropenia are reported in the general population with an incidence of approximately between 10-15%. Not many studies have been performed to ascertain the cause or burden associated with this condition. The objective of the current study was to identify the frequency and characterize the consequences of chronic benign neutropenia in the country of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS:Benign neutropenia was found to be high in the Saudi Arabia general population (up to 20%), with an average neutrophil count of 1.48 (range 0.99 - 1.95 × 10(9)cells/L), with Saudis having a higher incidence of chronic benign neutropenia compared to non-Saudis (p = <0.05). Complete blood count analyses showed significant difference in the total white cell count of neutrophils (p < 0.0001), WBC (p < 0.0001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001), monocytes (p < 0.001), eosinophils (p = 0.013) as well as the CD19 B cells (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to carefully quantitate benign neutropenia in Saudi Arabia. We identified that this condition is prevalent in the middle aged population (18 years to 55 years). These individuals not only had lower neutrophil counts, but also reduced peripheral blood cells types, especially the B-lymphocyte population (CD19 subset). As B-lymphocytes are involved in antibody production and antigen recognition, a decrease might easily predispose the individuals to infectious agents. As such more mechanistic studies need to be undertaken to understand the cause and potential long-term consequences of benign neutropenia.
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