Risk factors for chronic postsurgical abdominal and pelvic pain.

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) may develop after any surgical procedure, and is a common feature after abdominal and pelvic surgery with a prevalence varying between 10 and 40%. The pathological mechanisms leading to chronic CPSP are probably inflammation, tissue and nerve damage and alterations in central pain processing. The mechanisms in chronic postsurgical abdominal and pelvic pain are poorly studied and research has largely focused on reporting of prevalence and describing risk factors, including patient characteristics, psychological factors, surgical procedure and pre- and acute postoperative pain. In this review, the most important risk factors are discussed, and aiming for preventive, personalized health care, possible methods for prediction of susceptibility and potential strategies for diminishing chronic postsurgical abdominal and pelvic pain are provided.