Wesley T O'Neal1, Rikki M Tanner2, Jimmy T Efird3, Usman Baber4, Alvaro Alonso5, Virginia J Howard2, George Howard6, Paul Muntner2, Elsayed Z Soliman7. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: woneal@wakehealth.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 3. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. 4. Department of Cardiology, Icahan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 5. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 6. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, the association between AF and incident ESRD has not been examined in the general United States population. METHODS: A total of 24,953 participants (mean age 65 ± 9.0 years; 54% women; 40% blacks) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were included in this analysis. AF was identified at baseline (2003-2007) from electrocardiogram data and self-reported history. Incident cases of ESRD were identified through linkage with the United States Renal Data System. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between AF and incident ESRD. RESULTS: A total of 2,155 (8.6%) participants had AF at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 295 (1.2%) persons developed ESRD. In a model adjusted for demographics and potential confounders, AF was associated with an increased risk of incident ESRD (HR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08, 2.11). The association between AF and ESRD became non-significant after further adjustment for CKD markers (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/dL) (HR=1.24, 95% CI=0.89, 1.73). CONCLUSION: AF is associated with an increased risk of ESRD in the general United States population and this association potentially is explained by underlying CKD.
INTRODUCTION:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, the association between AF and incident ESRD has not been examined in the general United States population. METHODS: A total of 24,953 participants (mean age 65 ± 9.0 years; 54% women; 40% blacks) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were included in this analysis. AF was identified at baseline (2003-2007) from electrocardiogram data and self-reported history. Incident cases of ESRD were identified through linkage with the United States Renal Data System. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between AF and incident ESRD. RESULTS: A total of 2,155 (8.6%) participants had AF at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 295 (1.2%) persons developed ESRD. In a model adjusted for demographics and potential confounders, AF was associated with an increased risk of incident ESRD (HR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08, 2.11). The association between AF and ESRD became non-significant after further adjustment for CKD markers (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/dL) (HR=1.24, 95% CI=0.89, 1.73). CONCLUSION:AF is associated with an increased risk of ESRD in the general United States population and this association potentially is explained by underlying CKD.
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