Zachary A Seymour1, Albert J Chang2, Li Zhang3, Neil Kirby2, Martina Descovich2, Mack Roach4, I-Chow Hsu2, Alexander R Gottschalk2. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: seymourz@radonc.ucsf.edu. 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 3. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 4. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-volume relationships of genitourinary toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-six patients diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with SBRT alone were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received a total dose of 38 Gy in 4 fractions with a planning target volume expansion of 2 mm. Overall, acute, and late genitourinary toxicity were documented according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4) and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS). RESULTS: The median age at treatment was 68 years, and the median prostate volume was 45.5 mL, with a median baseline IPSS of 9.95. The median prescription isodose line was 68%. The median clinical follow-up was 35.49 months. Acute grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicities occurred in 41.1%, 35.7%, and 0% of patients. All acute genitourinary toxicities resolved except 1 patient with grade 2 toxicity that progressed to grade 3 late toxicity. No dose-volume relationships were associated with acute genitourinary grade 2+ toxicity. Late grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicity occurred in 19.6%, 19.6%, and 3.6% of cases, respectively. Of the cases with late toxicities, 16.7% were persistent. Late grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with prostate volume ≥50 mL, lower homogeneity index, and urethral maximum point dose ≥47 Gy. The overall risk of any grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with baseline IPSS >7, prostate volume ≥50 mL, urethral volume receiving 44 Gy, and bladder volume receiving 19 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT for prostate cancer appears well tolerated, with mostly transient low-grade toxicity. Urethral sparing should be used with a maximum point dose <47 Gy, volume receiving 120 Gy <50% of the prostate, and bladder volume receiving 19 Gy <15 mL in 4 fraction treatments. Patients with prostate volumes ≥50 mL should be counseled regarding the increased risk of moderate-grade genitourinary toxicity.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-volume relationships of genitourinary toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-six patients diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with SBRT alone were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received a total dose of 38 Gy in 4 fractions with a planning target volume expansion of 2 mm. Overall, acute, and late genitourinary toxicity were documented according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4) and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS). RESULTS: The median age at treatment was 68 years, and the median prostate volume was 45.5 mL, with a median baseline IPSS of 9.95. The median prescription isodose line was 68%. The median clinical follow-up was 35.49 months. Acute grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicities occurred in 41.1%, 35.7%, and 0% of patients. All acute genitourinary toxicities resolved except 1 patient with grade 2 toxicity that progressed to grade 3 late toxicity. No dose-volume relationships were associated with acute genitourinary grade 2+ toxicity. Late grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicity occurred in 19.6%, 19.6%, and 3.6% of cases, respectively. Of the cases with late toxicities, 16.7% were persistent. Late grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with prostate volume ≥50 mL, lower homogeneity index, and urethral maximum point dose ≥47 Gy. The overall risk of any grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with baseline IPSS >7, prostate volume ≥50 mL, urethral volume receiving 44 Gy, and bladder volume receiving 19 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT for prostate cancer appears well tolerated, with mostly transient low-grade toxicity. Urethral sparing should be used with a maximum point dose <47 Gy, volume receiving 120 Gy <50% of the prostate, and bladder volume receiving 19 Gy <15 mL in 4 fraction treatments. Patients with prostate volumes ≥50 mL should be counseled regarding the increased risk of moderate-grade genitourinary toxicity.
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