Renáta Szemerszky1, Mónika Gubányi1, Dorottya Árvai1, Zsuzsanna Dömötör1, Ferenc Köteles2. 1. Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 2. Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. koteles.ferenc@ppk.elte.hu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Among people with idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF), a better than random detection ability for a 50-Hz 0.5-mT magnetic field (MF) and a propensity to experience more symptoms than controls was reported in a previous study. PURPOSE: The current study aimed to replicate and clarify these results using a modified experimental design. METHOD: Participants of the provocation experiment were 49 individuals with self-reported IEI-EMF and 57 controls. They completed the questionnaires (symptom expectations, Somatosensory Amplification Scale--SSAS, radiation subscale of the Modern Health Worries Scale--MHWS Radiation) and attempted to detect the presence of the MF directed to their right arm in 20 subsequent 1-min sessions. Symptom reports were registered after each session. RESULTS: Individuals with IEI-EMF as opposed to the control group showed a higher than random detection performance (d' index of signal detection theory), while no difference in their bias (β index) toward the presence of the MF was found. Predictors of reported symptoms were self-reported IEI-EMF and believed as opposed to actual presence of the MF. People with IEI-EMF reported significantly more symptoms particularly in the believed presence of the MF. IEI-EMF was closely related to MHWS Radiation and SSAS scores. CONCLUSION: People with IEI-EMF might be able to detect the presence of the MF to a small extent; however, their symptom reports are connected to perceived exposure.
BACKGROUND: Among people with idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF), a better than random detection ability for a 50-Hz 0.5-mT magnetic field (MF) and a propensity to experience more symptoms than controls was reported in a previous study. PURPOSE: The current study aimed to replicate and clarify these results using a modified experimental design. METHOD:Participants of the provocation experiment were 49 individuals with self-reported IEI-EMF and 57 controls. They completed the questionnaires (symptom expectations, Somatosensory Amplification Scale--SSAS, radiation subscale of the Modern Health Worries Scale--MHWS Radiation) and attempted to detect the presence of the MF directed to their right arm in 20 subsequent 1-min sessions. Symptom reports were registered after each session. RESULTS: Individuals with IEI-EMF as opposed to the control group showed a higher than random detection performance (d' index of signal detection theory), while no difference in their bias (β index) toward the presence of the MF was found. Predictors of reported symptoms were self-reported IEI-EMF and believed as opposed to actual presence of the MF. People with IEI-EMF reported significantly more symptoms particularly in the believed presence of the MF. IEI-EMF was closely related to MHWS Radiation and SSAS scores. CONCLUSION:People with IEI-EMF might be able to detect the presence of the MF to a small extent; however, their symptom reports are connected to perceived exposure.
Entities:
Keywords:
EHS; Electrosensitivity; IEI-EMF; Nocebo effect; Signal detection
Authors: Zsuzsanna Dömötör; Gábor Ruzsa; György Thuróczy; Péter P Necz; Steven Nordin; Ferenc Köteles; Renáta Szemerszky Journal: Heliyon Date: 2022-05-14