BACKGROUND: The perforating vessels supply very important regions of the brain stem and diencephalon, as well as the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Some of their micro-anatomical characteristics are still not well known. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the features of all the perforating vessels. METHODS: The arteries of 24-32 cerebral hemispheres, diencephalons and halves of the brain stem were injected with India ink mixture or methylmethacrylate, and microdissection was performed or the vascular casts were produced and examined under the sterescopic microscope. RESULTS: It was noticed that the perforators ranged from 0 to 14 in number, with the smallest mean value (1.1) for the diencephalic perforators and the largest one (8.1) for the lenticulostriate arteries. The smallest mean diameter (175 μm) was found in the group of the perforators of the anterior communicating artery, whereas the largest one is related to the Heubner's artery (668 μm), the diencephalic thalamoperforating vessels (562 μm), the premamillary vessel (489 μm) and the lenticulostriate arteries (469 μm). The perforators most frequently originated from the pial branches of the basilar artery (91.7 %) and of the posterior cerebral artery (59.4 %). The common stems were most often formed by the perforators of the basilar (79.2 %), posterior cerebral (75.0 %) and middle cerebral arteries (40.6 %). Some perforators arose close to or from the terminal divisions, the branching sites or the junctions of the parent arteries, where the saccular aneurysms most often develop. The anastomoses among the perforators were present in a range from 6.3 % to 53.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: The micro-anatomical data obtained may be useful for neurosurgeons when operating at the base of the brain, as well as for a neurological and radiological evaluation of the perforators in the occlusive cerebrovascular disease, or in the cases of an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or tumour presence.
BACKGROUND: The perforating vessels supply very important regions of the brain stem and diencephalon, as well as the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Some of their micro-anatomical characteristics are still not well known. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the features of all the perforating vessels. METHODS: The arteries of 24-32 cerebral hemispheres, diencephalons and halves of the brain stem were injected with India ink mixture or methylmethacrylate, and microdissection was performed or the vascular casts were produced and examined under the sterescopic microscope. RESULTS: It was noticed that the perforators ranged from 0 to 14 in number, with the smallest mean value (1.1) for the diencephalic perforators and the largest one (8.1) for the lenticulostriate arteries. The smallest mean diameter (175 μm) was found in the group of the perforators of the anterior communicating artery, whereas the largest one is related to the Heubner's artery (668 μm), the diencephalic thalamoperforating vessels (562 μm), the premamillary vessel (489 μm) and the lenticulostriate arteries (469 μm). The perforators most frequently originated from the pial branches of the basilar artery (91.7 %) and of the posterior cerebral artery (59.4 %). The common stems were most often formed by the perforators of the basilar (79.2 %), posterior cerebral (75.0 %) and middle cerebral arteries (40.6 %). Some perforators arose close to or from the terminal divisions, the branching sites or the junctions of the parent arteries, where the saccular aneurysms most often develop. The anastomoses among the perforators were present in a range from 6.3 % to 53.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: The micro-anatomical data obtained may be useful for neurosurgeons when operating at the base of the brain, as well as for a neurological and radiological evaluation of the perforators in the occlusive cerebrovascular disease, or in the cases of an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or tumour presence.
Authors: Shadi Yaghi; Pooja Khatri; Adam de Havenon; Sharon Yeatts; Andrew D Chang; Shawna Cutting; Brian Mac Grory; Tina Burton; Mahesh V Jayaraman; Ryan A McTaggart; David Fiorella; Colin Derdeyn; Osama O Zaidat; Seena Dehkharghani; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani; Karen Furie; Shyam Prahbakaran; David Liebeskind Journal: J Neurointerv Surg Date: 2019-09-04 Impact factor: 5.836
Authors: Saskia Bollmann; Hendrik Mattern; Michaël Bernier; Simon D Robinson; Daniel Park; Oliver Speck; Jonathan R Polimeni Journal: Elife Date: 2022-04-29 Impact factor: 8.713
Authors: Hannes Nordmeyer; René Chapot; Ayhan Aycil; Christian P Stracke; Marta Wallocha; M Jeffrie Hadisurya; Markus Heddier; Patrick Haage; Ralph Weber Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2018-07-09 Impact factor: 4.003