Yanna Ko1, Viraj Kariyawasam2, Mohamad Karnib3, Rhys Butcher2, Douglas Samuel4, Ahmad Alrubaie4, Nabil Rahme4, Charles McDonald5, James Cowlishaw5, Peter Katelaris5, Gavin Barr5, Brian Jones5, Susan Connor6, Gokulan Paven7, Grace Chapman8, Gordon Park8, Richard Gearry9, Rupert W Leong10. 1. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia. 2. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 3. American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. 4. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia; IBD Sydney Organisation, Sydney, Australia. 5. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; IBD Sydney Organisation, Sydney, Australia. 6. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; IBD Sydney Organisation, Sydney, Australia. 7. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia. 8. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia; IBD Sydney Organisation, Sydney, Australia. 9. Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. 10. Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia; IBD Sydney Organisation, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: rupertleong@outlook.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidences of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are increasing, indicating gene-environment interactions. Migrants from low-IBD-prevalence countries to a high-prevalence country may help identify the relative contribution of environmental risk factors compared with native Caucasians. METHODS: This prospective case-control study evaluated IBD environmental risk factors of Middle Eastern migrants (MEM) in Australia compared with matched Caucasian IBD subjects, MEM controls, Caucasian controls, and controls in the Middle East using adjusted odds ratios (aOR). RESULTS: A total of 795 subjects were recruited: 154 MEM cases (75 CD; 79 UC), 153 MEM controls, 162 Caucasian cases (85 CD; 77 UC), 173 Caucasian controls, and 153 controls in Lebanon. Smoking increased CD risk in MEM and Caucasians and reduced UC risk in Caucasians (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41-0.98) but not MEM (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.80-2.62). Antibiotic use reduced the risk of MEM CD (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.67) and UC (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.80), but increased the risk in Caucasians (CD: aOR, 5.24; 95% CI, 2.13-12.90; and UC: aOR, 6.82; 95% CI, 2.67-17.38). Most hygiene markers (rural dwelling, pet ownership, pet feeding, and farm animal contact) reduced CD and UC risk in MEM (P < .05). In contrast, in Caucasians these hygiene markers lacked significance. Other significant risk factors include IBD family history, appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Differential IBD environmental risk factors exist between migrants and native Caucasians, indicating a dynamic interplay between environmental factors and IBD risk for immigrants that is distinct to those factors most relevant in native Caucasians.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidences of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are increasing, indicating gene-environment interactions. Migrants from low-IBD-prevalence countries to a high-prevalence country may help identify the relative contribution of environmental risk factors compared with native Caucasians. METHODS: This prospective case-control study evaluated IBD environmental risk factors of Middle Eastern migrants (MEM) in Australia compared with matched Caucasian IBD subjects, MEM controls, Caucasian controls, and controls in the Middle East using adjusted odds ratios (aOR). RESULTS: A total of 795 subjects were recruited: 154 MEM cases (75 CD; 79 UC), 153 MEM controls, 162 Caucasian cases (85 CD; 77 UC), 173 Caucasian controls, and 153 controls in Lebanon. Smoking increased CD risk in MEM and Caucasians and reduced UC risk in Caucasians (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41-0.98) but not MEM (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.80-2.62). Antibiotic use reduced the risk of MEM CD (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.67) and UC (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.80), but increased the risk in Caucasians (CD: aOR, 5.24; 95% CI, 2.13-12.90; and UC: aOR, 6.82; 95% CI, 2.67-17.38). Most hygiene markers (rural dwelling, pet ownership, pet feeding, and farm animal contact) reduced CD and UC risk in MEM (P < .05). In contrast, in Caucasians these hygiene markers lacked significance. Other significant risk factors include IBD family history, appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Differential IBD environmental risk factors exist between migrants and native Caucasians, indicating a dynamic interplay between environmental factors and IBD risk for immigrants that is distinct to those factors most relevant in native Caucasians.
Authors: Darcy Güngör; Perrine Nadaud; Carol Dreibelbis; Concetta C LaPergola; Yat Ping Wong; Nancy Terry; Steve A Abrams; Leila Beker; Tova Jacobovits; Kirsi M Järvinen; Laurie A Nommsen-Rivers; Kimberly O O'Brien; Emily Oken; Rafael Pérez-Escamilla; Ekhard E Ziegler; Joanne M Spahn Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Manasi Agrawal; João Sabino; Catarina Frias-Gomes; Christen M Hillenbrand; Celine Soudant; Jordan E Axelrad; Shailja C Shah; Francisco Ribeiro-Mourão; Thomas Lambin; Inga Peter; Jean-Frederic Colombel; Neeraj Narula; Joana Torres Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2021-05-15
Authors: Long H Nguyen; Anne K Örtqvist; Yin Cao; Tracey G Simon; Bjorn Roelstraete; Mingyang Song; Amit D Joshi; Kyle Staller; Andrew T Chan; Hamed Khalili; Ola Olén; Jonas F Ludvigsson Journal: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2020-08-17