Peter Kubatka1, Andrea Kapinová2, Peter Kružliak3, Martin Kello4, Desanka Výbohová5, Karol Kajo6, Miroslav Novák3, Martina Chripková4, Marián Adamkov7, Martin Péč8, Ján Mojžiš4, Bianka Bojková9, Monika Kassayová9, Nadežda Stollárová10, Dušan Dobrota2. 1. Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. Electronic address: kubatka@jfmed.uniba.sk. 2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. 3. International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 4. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia. 5. Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. 6. Department of Pathology, Slovak Medical University and St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia. 7. Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. 8. Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. 9. Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia. 10. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Ružomberok, Slovakia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: There has been considerable interest in both clinical and preclinical research about the role of phytochemicals in the reduction of risk for cancer in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: In this experiment, the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in the chemoprevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were evaluated. Chlorella powder was administered through diet at concentrations of 0.3% and 3%. The experiment was terminated 14 wk after carcinogen administration. At autopsy, mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay, parameters of apoptosis, and proliferation after chlorella treatment in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were carried out. RESULTS: Basic parameters of experimental carcinogenesis, mechanism of action (biomarkers of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis), chosen metabolic variables, and side effects after long-term chlorella treatment in animals were assessed. Chlorella at higher concentration suppressed tumor frequency by 61% (P < 0.02) and lengthened tumor latency by 12.5 d (P < 0.02) in comparison with the controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tumor cells showed caspase-7 expression increase by 73.5% (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression decrease by 19% (P = 0.07) after chlorella treatment. In a parallel in vitro study, chlorella significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells, a significant increase in cells having sub-G0/G1 DNA content and significant increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells after annexin V/PI staining assay were found. Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species generation were observed in the chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report on the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro.
OBJECTIVES: There has been considerable interest in both clinical and preclinical research about the role of phytochemicals in the reduction of risk for cancer in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: In this experiment, the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in the chemoprevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were evaluated. Chlorella powder was administered through diet at concentrations of 0.3% and 3%. The experiment was terminated 14 wk after carcinogen administration. At autopsy, mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay, parameters of apoptosis, and proliferation after chlorella treatment in humanbreast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were carried out. RESULTS: Basic parameters of experimental carcinogenesis, mechanism of action (biomarkers of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis), chosen metabolic variables, and side effects after long-term chlorella treatment in animals were assessed. Chlorella at higher concentration suppressed tumor frequency by 61% (P < 0.02) and lengthened tumor latency by 12.5 d (P < 0.02) in comparison with the controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of rattumor cells showed caspase-7 expression increase by 73.5% (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression decrease by 19% (P = 0.07) after chlorella treatment. In a parallel in vitro study, chlorella significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells, a significant increase in cells having sub-G0/G1 DNA content and significant increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells after annexin V/PI staining assay were found. Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species generation were observed in the chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report on the antineoplastic effects of C. pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: Peter Kubatka; Andrea Kapinová; Martin Kello; Peter Kruzliak; Karol Kajo; Desanka Výbohová; Silvia Mahmood; Radovan Murin; Tischlerová Viera; Ján Mojžiš; Anthony Zulli; Martin Péč; Marián Adamkov; Monika Kassayová; Bianka Bojková; Nadežda Stollárová; Dušan Dobrota Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2015-05-01 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Peter Kubatka; Martin Kello; Karol Kajo; Peter Kruzliak; Desanka Výbohová; Ján Mojžiš; Marián Adamkov; Silvia Fialová; Lucia Veizerová; Anthony Zulli; Martin Péč; Dagmar Statelová; Daniel Grančai; Dietrich Büsselberg Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2016-02-23 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Peter Kubatka; Sona Uramova; Martin Kello; Karol Kajo; Peter Kruzliak; Jan Mojzis; Desanka Vybohova; Marian Adamkov; Karina Jasek; Zora Lasabova; Pavol Zubor; Silvia Fialova; Svetlana Dokupilova; Peter Solar; Martin Pec; Katarina Adamicova; Jan Danko; Mariusz Adamek; Dietrich Busselberg Journal: J Cell Mol Med Date: 2017-05-19 Impact factor: 5.310
Authors: A Kapinova; P Kubatka; O Golubnitschaja; M Kello; P Zubor; P Solar; M Pec Journal: Environ Health Prev Med Date: 2018-08-09 Impact factor: 3.674
Authors: Marek Samec; Alena Liskova; Lenka Koklesova; Veronika Mestanova; Maria Franekova; Monika Kassayova; Bianka Bojkova; Sona Uramova; Pavol Zubor; Katarina Janikova; Jan Danko; Samson Mathews Samuel; Dietrich Büsselberg; Peter Kubatka Journal: Biomolecules Date: 2019-12-05