PURPOSE: Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity results in growth arrest and apoptosis in multiple types of cancer cells. It has been well established that p21 is responsible for HDAC inhibitor (HDACi)-induced growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying HDACi-elicited apoptosis in bladder cancer cells remains largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, the apoptotic response to HDACi (trichostatin A and sodium butyrate) with different concentrations was determined by flow cytometry analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine the TRPM2 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2) expression change on HDACi treatment. TRPM2 knockdown and overexpression were performed to investigate the role of TRPM2 in HDACi-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of HDACi-elicited upregulation of TRPM2 was studied by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: HDACi efficiently induced cell apoptosis and TRPM2 upregulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in T24 bladder cancer cells. Functional analysis revealed that TRPM2 overexpression promotes apoptosis of T24 cells. Conversely, TRPM2 depletion remarkably antagonized HDACi-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition-elicited TRPM2 upregulation is caused by the increase of acetylated H3K9 (H3K9Ac) enrichment in TRPM2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the HDACi-elicited upregulation of TRPM2 expression is required for HDACi-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and that HDACi activated the enrichment of H3K9Ac-represented permissive chromatin in TRPM2 promoter.
PURPOSE: Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity results in growth arrest and apoptosis in multiple types of cancer cells. It has been well established that p21 is responsible for HDAC inhibitor (HDACi)-induced growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying HDACi-elicited apoptosis in bladder cancer cells remains largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, the apoptotic response to HDACi (trichostatin A and sodium butyrate) with different concentrations was determined by flow cytometry analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine the TRPM2 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2) expression change on HDACi treatment. TRPM2 knockdown and overexpression were performed to investigate the role of TRPM2 in HDACi-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of HDACi-elicited upregulation of TRPM2 was studied by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: HDACi efficiently induced cell apoptosis and TRPM2 upregulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in T24 bladder cancer cells. Functional analysis revealed that TRPM2 overexpression promotes apoptosis of T24 cells. Conversely, TRPM2 depletion remarkably antagonized HDACi-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition-elicited TRPM2 upregulation is caused by the increase of acetylated H3K9 (H3K9Ac) enrichment in TRPM2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the HDACi-elicited upregulation of TRPM2 expression is required for HDACi-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and that HDACi activated the enrichment of H3K9Ac-represented permissive chromatin in TRPM2 promoter.
Entities:
Keywords:
HDAC inhibitor; TRPM2; apoptosis; bladder cancer
Authors: Eva Juengel; Ramin Najafi; Jochen Rutz; Sebastian Maxeiner; Jasmina Makarevic; Frederik Roos; Igor Tsaur; Axel Haferkamp; Roman A Blaheta Journal: Oncotarget Date: 2017-11-06