Miguel F Gago1,2,3, Vítor Fernandes4, Jaime Ferreira4, Darya Yelshyna4, Hélder David Silva4, Maria Lurdes Rodrigues1, Luís Rocha4, Estela Bicho4, Nuno Sousa1,2. 1. Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, EPE, Guimarães, Portugal. 2. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. 3. ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. 4. Algoritmi Center, Department of Industrial Electronics, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Postural stability requires the integration of multisensory input information and translation into appropriate motor responses. Surprisingly, few previous studies have addressed the role of auditory input on postural stability in healthy subjects, and none has investigated this in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the visual and auditory systems on postural stability in patients with AD and healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with AD and healthy age-matched subjects were examined by kinematic postural analysis (inertia measurement units placed at the center of mass of the body) under four different conditions: stance with eyes open and eyes closed, with and without suppression of background noise (using ear defenders). The effects of visual and auditory influences were analyzed independently and in conjunction. RESULTS: In both groups, visual suppression had a negative impact on postural stability, while suppression of background noise, non-specifically and without spatial cues, significantly benefited postural stability. We also observed that in both groups, the positive effect of background noise suppression was insufficient to compensate for the negative effect of visual suppression, to which the patients were significantly more vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS: Audition, albeit less significant than vision, also plays a role in the multi-sensorial dynamic control of postural stability by the central nervous system. In everyday life, audition is likely to be a relevant factor in postural stability. This is especially relevant in AD in which, even when the peripheral sensory system is intact, the central processing is impaired and sensory dependence is re-weighted.
BACKGROUND: Postural stability requires the integration of multisensory input information and translation into appropriate motor responses. Surprisingly, few previous studies have addressed the role of auditory input on postural stability in healthy subjects, and none has investigated this in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the visual and auditory systems on postural stability in patients with AD and healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with AD and healthy age-matched subjects were examined by kinematic postural analysis (inertia measurement units placed at the center of mass of the body) under four different conditions: stance with eyes open and eyes closed, with and without suppression of background noise (using ear defenders). The effects of visual and auditory influences were analyzed independently and in conjunction. RESULTS: In both groups, visual suppression had a negative impact on postural stability, while suppression of background noise, non-specifically and without spatial cues, significantly benefited postural stability. We also observed that in both groups, the positive effect of background noise suppression was insufficient to compensate for the negative effect of visual suppression, to which the patients were significantly more vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS: Audition, albeit less significant than vision, also plays a role in the multi-sensorial dynamic control of postural stability by the central nervous system. In everyday life, audition is likely to be a relevant factor in postural stability. This is especially relevant in AD in which, even when the peripheral sensory system is intact, the central processing is impaired and sensory dependence is re-weighted.
Entities:
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease; auditory system; postural stability; visual system