Caili Li1, Xiaokun Yang1, Jing Feng2, Ping Lei3, Yubao Wang4. 1. Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China. 2. Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China ; Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park NC 27709, USA. 3. Departmen of Geriatric, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China. 4. Infective Disease Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, 300211, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To develop an "overlap syndrome (OS)" rat model by intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure on the base of pre-existing emphysema, and to explore whether "OS" exposure results in more severe systemic inflammation, and whether the inflammation changes levels of coagulant/anticoagulant factors and oxidative stress status. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were put into 4 groups: Control group; IH group, IH exposure; Emphysema group, smoke exposure; Overlap group, smoke exposure and IH exposure. We obtained peripheral blood for apoptosis of CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and for endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and coagulant/anticoagulant factors [antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen (FIB), Factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)] were evaluated. We also obtained tissue blocks of lung, liver, pancreas, and right carotid artery for pathologic scoring and measurements of liver oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration]. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α and IL-6, CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, EPC counts, coagulant factors and MDA are the highest in Overlap group, the lowest in Control group, when the levels of neutrophil apoptosis, CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, AT, SOD and CAT are the lowest in Overlap group, the highest in Control group (all P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In model animals, when IH is combined with emphysema, there will be a more severe or an "overlapped" systemic/multiple organic inflammation, oxidative stress and hyper-coagulability. And the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic status resulted from "OS" exposure may elicit a robust EPC mobilization, which needs further investigation.
OBJECTIVES: To develop an "overlap syndrome (OS)" rat model by intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure on the base of pre-existing emphysema, and to explore whether "OS" exposure results in more severe systemic inflammation, and whether the inflammation changes levels of coagulant/anticoagulant factors and oxidative stress status. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were put into 4 groups: Control group; IH group, IH exposure; Emphysema group, smoke exposure; Overlap group, smoke exposure and IH exposure. We obtained peripheral blood for apoptosis of CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and for endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and coagulant/anticoagulant factors [antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen (FIB), Factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)] were evaluated. We also obtained tissue blocks of lung, liver, pancreas, and right carotid artery for pathologic scoring and measurements of liver oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration]. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α and IL-6, CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, EPC counts, coagulant factors and MDA are the highest in Overlap group, the lowest in Control group, when the levels of neutrophil apoptosis, CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, AT, SOD and CAT are the lowest in Overlap group, the highest in Control group (all P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In model animals, when IH is combined with emphysema, there will be a more severe or an "overlapped" systemic/multiple organic inflammation, oxidative stress and hyper-coagulability. And the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic status resulted from "OS" exposure may elicit a robust EPC mobilization, which needs further investigation.
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