20 years of leptin: Role of leptin in cardiomyocyte physiology and physiopathology.

Since the discovery of leptin in 1994 by Zhang et al., there have been a number of reports showing its implication in the development of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, there exists some controversy about how leptin can induce or preserve cardiovascular function, as different authors have found contradictory results about leptin beneficial or detrimental effects in leptin deficient/resistant murine models and in wild type tissue and cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on the main discoveries about the leptin functions at cardiac level within the last two decades, focusing on its role in cardiac metabolism, remodeling and contractile function.