Yuan-Jin Guo1, Tao Luo2, Fei Wu3, Yuan-Wu Mei1, Jun Peng1, Huan Liu1, Hua-Rong Li4, Shu-Ling Zhang4, Ji-Hua Dong5, Yuan Fang1, Lei Zhao6. 1. Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China. 2. Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan 430014, PR China. 3. Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China. 4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China. 5. Central Lab, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China. 6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China. Electronic address: leizhao@hust.edu.cn.
Abstract
AIMS: There is no effective medication to date for herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1-induced responses in BV2 microglia. MAIN METHODS: The cellular model was established with BV2 cells stimulated by HSV-1 and then treated with CGA at different concentrations. Cell viability was assayed by the MTT assay. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR9 and myeloid differentiation factor88 (Myd88) was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression was assayed by flow cytometry or Western blotting. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by ELISA as well as real-time quantitative PCR. Nuclear NF-κB p65 protein was assayed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS: The cell survival rate was significantly improved after CGA treatment, and CGA prevented increases in TLR2, TLR9 and Myd88 following HSV-1 challenge in BV2 cells both at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, CGA could attenuate HSV-induced TNF-α and IL-6 release into the supernatant. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also significantly inhibited by CGA. The expression of NF-κB p65 increased significantly in the nucleus in HSV-1-stimulated microglia but could be reduced by CGA. SIGNIFICANCE: CGA inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. CGA may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent and provide a new strategy for treating HSE.
AIMS: There is no effective medication to date for herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1-induced responses in BV2 microglia. MAIN METHODS: The cellular model was established with BV2 cells stimulated by HSV-1 and then treated with CGA at different concentrations. Cell viability was assayed by the MTT assay. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR9 and myeloid differentiation factor88 (Myd88) was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression was assayed by flow cytometry or Western blotting. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by ELISA as well as real-time quantitative PCR. Nuclear NF-κB p65 protein was assayed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS: The cell survival rate was significantly improved after CGA treatment, and CGA prevented increases in TLR2, TLR9 and Myd88 following HSV-1 challenge in BV2 cells both at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, CGA could attenuate HSV-induced TNF-α and IL-6 release into the supernatant. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also significantly inhibited by CGA. The expression of NF-κB p65 increased significantly in the nucleus in HSV-1-stimulated microglia but could be reduced by CGA. SIGNIFICANCE: CGA inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. CGA may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent and provide a new strategy for treating HSE.
Authors: Yao Wang; Fan Yang; Jun Xue; Xuan Zhou; Lei Luo; Qian Ma; Yun-Fei Chen; Juan Zhang; Shu-Ling Zhang; Lei Zhao Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2017-01-24 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Fan Yang; Lei Luo; Zhi-De Zhu; Xuan Zhou; Yao Wang; Juan Xue; Juan Zhang; Xin Cai; Zhi-Lin Chen; Qian Ma; Yun-Fei Chen; Yu-Jie Wang; Ying-Ying Luo; Pan Liu; Lei Zhao Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2017-12-19 Impact factor: 5.810