Donald S A McLeod1,2, David S Cooper3, Paul W Ladenson3, David C Whiteman2, Susan J Jordan2. 1. 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia. 2. 2Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia. 3. 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Race/ethnicity may be a newly recognized risk factor for Graves' disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis by race/ethnicity in Americans aged 12-49 years using three National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). METHODS: Data were analyzed from 17,939 participants in NHANES III (1988-1994), NHANES 1999-2002, and NHANES 2007-2010 with available thyroid function test results. Thyrotoxicosis was defined as a serum thyrotropin (TSH) of ≤0.1 mIU/L or subjects taking methimazole or propylthiouracil, and overt thyrotoxicosis was defined as high serum thyroxine and a serum TSH of ≤0.1 mIU/L. Logistic regression was performed accounting for the complex sampling design of NHANES, and the results from all three NHANES surveys were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS: There were 75 study participants with point prevalent thyrotoxicosis, representing a pooled prevalence of 0.4% for Americans aged 12-49 years. Prevalent thyrotoxicosis was nearly three times more likely in non-Hispanic black subjects compared with non-Hispanic whites (OR=2.9 [CI 1.5-5.7]), while there was no difference between the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis in Mexican Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR=1.2 [CI 0.6-2.4]; I2 for heterogeneity=0% for both). Among 27 patients with overt thyrotoxicosis, the odds ratio was 8.7 [CI 0.7-112.6] for non-Hispanic blacks and 4.6 [CI 0.4-59.3] for Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest there are race/ethnicity differences in the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis. Future studies should address whether these differences are due to heritable factors, environmental exposures, or a combination of both.
BACKGROUND: Race/ethnicity may be a newly recognized risk factor for Graves' disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis by race/ethnicity in Americans aged 12-49 years using three National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). METHODS: Data were analyzed from 17,939 participants in NHANES III (1988-1994), NHANES 1999-2002, and NHANES 2007-2010 with available thyroid function test results. Thyrotoxicosis was defined as a serum thyrotropin (TSH) of ≤0.1 mIU/L or subjects taking methimazole or propylthiouracil, and overt thyrotoxicosis was defined as high serum thyroxine and a serum TSH of ≤0.1 mIU/L. Logistic regression was performed accounting for the complex sampling design of NHANES, and the results from all three NHANES surveys were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS: There were 75 study participants with point prevalent thyrotoxicosis, representing a pooled prevalence of 0.4% for Americans aged 12-49 years. Prevalent thyrotoxicosis was nearly three times more likely in non-Hispanic black subjects compared with non-Hispanic whites (OR=2.9 [CI 1.5-5.7]), while there was no difference between the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis in Mexican Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR=1.2 [CI 0.6-2.4]; I2 for heterogeneity=0% for both). Among 27 patients with overt thyrotoxicosis, the odds ratio was 8.7 [CI 0.7-112.6] for non-Hispanic blacks and 4.6 [CI 0.4-59.3] for Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest there are race/ethnicity differences in the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis. Future studies should address whether these differences are due to heritable factors, environmental exposures, or a combination of both.
Authors: Natalia Gonzalez Caldito; Shiv Saidha; Elias S Sotirchos; Blake E Dewey; Norah J Cowley; Jeffrey Glaister; Kathryn C Fitzgerald; Omar Al-Louzi; James Nguyen; Alissa Rothman; Esther Ogbuokiri; Nicholas Fioravante; Sydney Feldman; Ohemaa Kwakyi; Hunter Risher; Dorlan Kimbrough; Teresa C Frohman; Elliot Frohman; Laura Balcer; Ciprian Crainiceanu; Peter C M Van Zijl; Ellen M Mowry; Daniel S Reich; Jiwon Oh; Dzung L Pham; Jerry Prince; Peter A Calabresi Journal: Brain Date: 2018-11-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Tristan Struja; Alexander Kutz; Stefan Fischli; Christian Meier; Beat Mueller; Mike Recher; Philipp Schuetz Journal: BMC Med Date: 2017-09-25 Impact factor: 8.775