Hye Ah Lee1, Young Ju Kim2, Hwayoung Lee3, Hye Sun Gwak4, Young Sun Hong5, Hae Soon Kim6, Eun Ae Park6, Su Jin Cho6, Eun Hee Ha1, Hyesook Park1. 1. 1Department of Preventive Medicine,School of Medicine,Ewha Womans University,1071 Anyangcheon-ro,Yangcheon-ku,Seoul 158-710,Republic of Korea. 2. 2Obstetrics and Gynecology,School of Medicine,Ewha Womans University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 3. 3Anatomy,School of Medicine,Ewha Womans University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 4. 4Colleage of Pharmacy,Ewha Womans University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 5. 5Internal Medicine,School of Medicine,Ewha Womans University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 6. 6Department of Pediatrics,School of Medicine,Ewha Womans University,Seoul,Republic of Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to investigate whether breast-feeding is associated with early pubertal development among children 7-9 years old in Korea. DESIGN: Children were divided into those who did and did not receive breast-feeding for 6 months or longer in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO. Pubertal status was determined by clinical examination using Tanner staging. SETTING: Prospective observational study. SUBJECTS: We conducted a follow-up study of children aged 7-9 years in 2011 who had taken part in the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort study. RESULTS: Fifty (22.8%) of the total of 219 children were in early puberty, with the proportion being slightly higher for girls (24.1%) than boys (21.4%). Children who had entered early puberty were taller, weighed more and had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, the change in weight Z-score from birth to follow-up was significantly lower in children who were breast-fed than in those who were not (weight Z-score change: 0.32 (sd 1.59) v. 0.77 (sd 1.61), respectively, P=0.04). Comparison of breast-feeding by puberty status indicated a preventive association with early puberty in children who were breast-fed for 6 months or longer (OR=0.37; 95% CI 0.18, 0.74). This association remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a beneficial association between breast-feeding and early pubertal development, especially in those breast-fed for 6 months or longer. The study suggests that interventions would need to start early in life to prevent early pubertal development.
OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to investigate whether breast-feeding is associated with early pubertal development among children 7-9 years old in Korea. DESIGN:Children were divided into those who did and did not receive breast-feeding for 6 months or longer in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO. Pubertal status was determined by clinical examination using Tanner staging. SETTING: Prospective observational study. SUBJECTS: We conducted a follow-up study of children aged 7-9 years in 2011 who had taken part in the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort study. RESULTS: Fifty (22.8%) of the total of 219 children were in early puberty, with the proportion being slightly higher for girls (24.1%) than boys (21.4%). Children who had entered early puberty were taller, weighed more and had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, the change in weight Z-score from birth to follow-up was significantly lower in children who were breast-fed than in those who were not (weight Z-score change: 0.32 (sd 1.59) v. 0.77 (sd 1.61), respectively, P=0.04). Comparison of breast-feeding by puberty status indicated a preventive association with early puberty in children who were breast-fed for 6 months or longer (OR=0.37; 95% CI 0.18, 0.74). This association remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a beneficial association between breast-feeding and early pubertal development, especially in those breast-fed for 6 months or longer. The study suggests that interventions would need to start early in life to prevent early pubertal development.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast-feeding; Cohort study; Early puberty development
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