| Literature DB >> 25741652 |
Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ana Maria Malik, Julia Takaoka, Maria Carmen Viana, Laura Helena Andrade.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo. METHODS Data from the Sao Paulo Megacity study - the Brazilian version of the World Mental Health Survey multicenter study - were used. A total of 3,588 adults living in 69 neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, including 38 municipalities and 31 neighboring districts, were selected using multistratified sampling of the non-institutionalized population. Multilevel Bayesian logistic models were adjusted to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the past 12 months and presence of a regular physician for routine care. RESULTS The contextual characteristics of the place of residence (income inequality, violence, and median income) showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) with the use of health care services or with the presence of a regular physician for routine care. The only exception was the negative correlation between living in areas with high income inequality and presence of a regular physician (OR: 0.77; 95%CI 0.60;0.99) after controlling for individual characteristics. The study revealed a strong and consistent correlation between individual characteristics (mainly education and possession of health insurance), use of health care services, and presence of a regular physician. Presence of chronic and mental illnesses was strongly correlated with the use of health care services in the past year (regardless of the individual characteristics) but not with the presence of a regular physician. CONCLUSIONS Individual characteristics including higher education and possession of health insurance were important determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. A better understanding of these determinants is essential for the development of public policies that promote equitable use of health care services.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 25741652 PMCID: PMC4386561 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005246
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Profile of the study population that used health care services in the past 12 months and the presence of a regular physician for routine care. Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2007.
| Variable | Total | Use of health care services | Regular physician | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Total | 3,588 | 100 | 2,995 | 83.5 | 1,702 | 47.4 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1,569 | 43.7 | 1,182 | 75.3 | 647 | 41.2 |
| Female | 2,019 | 56.3 | 1,813 | 89.8* | 1,055 | 52.2* |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18 to 39 | 1,541 | 42.9 | 1,257 | 81.6 | 622 | 40.4 |
| 40 to 59 | 1,474 | 41.1 | 1,232 | 83.6 | 749 | 50.8* |
| ≥ 60 | 573 | 16.0 | 506 | 88.3* | 331 | 57.8* |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary education | 1,918 | 53.5 | 1,573 | 82.0 | 853 | 44.5 |
| High school education | 1,136 | 31.7 | 950 | 83.6 | 534 | 47.0 |
| College/University education | 534 | 14.9 | 472 | 88.4* | 315 | 59.0* |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Yes | 1,486 | 41.4 | 1,334 | 89.8 | 1,037 | 69.8 |
| No | 2,102 | 58.6 | 1,661 | 79.0* | 665 | 31.6* |
| Income | ||||||
| Low | 1,175 | 32.7 | 947 | 80.6 | 469 | 39.9 |
| Average | 1,211 | 33.7 | 1,011 | 83.5 | 572 | 47.2* |
| High | 1,202 | 33.5 | 1,037 | 86.3* | 661 | 55.0* |
| Income inequality | ||||||
| Low | 1,219 | 34.0 | 1,024 | 84.0 | 576 | 47.2 |
| Average | 1,216 | 33.9 | 995 | 81.8 | 579 | 47.6 |
| High | 1,153 | 32.1 | 976 | 84.6 | 547 | 47.4 |
| Median income | ||||||
| Low | 1,223 | 34.1 | 1,022 | 83.6 | 562 | 45.9 |
| Average | 1,198 | 33.4 | 984 | 82.1 | 549 | 45.8 |
| High | 1,167 | 32.5 | 989 | 84.7 | 591 | 50.6* |
| Violence | ||||||
| Low | 1,184 | 33.0 | 1,013 | 85.6 | 618 | 52.2 |
| Average | 1,205 | 33.6 | 1,006 | 83.5 | 548 | 45.5* |
| High | 1,199 | 43.7 | 976 | 81.4* | 536 | 44.7* |
* Significant difference (p < 0.05) using simple logistic regression analysis in relation to the first category of the variable.
Multilevel models for the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the past 12 months. Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2007.
| Variable | Null model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.33 | 0.28;0.40 | 0.33 | 0.27;0.40 | 0.33 | 0.27;0.40 | 0.33 | 0.27;0.40 | 0.33 | 0.27;0.40 | ||
| Age | 1.02 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.01 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.01 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.02 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.02 | 1.01;1.02 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary education | ||||||||||||
| High school education | 1.43 | 1.15;1.79 | 0.23 | 1.00;1.60 | 1.25 | 0.99;1.57 | 1.27 | 1.01;1.60 | 1.27 | 1.01;1.60 | ||
| College/University education | 1.77 | 1.29;2.45 | 1.37 | 0.97;1.93 | 1.37 | 0.97;1.93 | 1.38 | 1.00;1.91 | 1.36 | 0.98;1.89 | ||
| Individual income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 1.20 | 0.97;1.49 | 1.08 | 0.86;1.36 | 1.09 | 0.88;1.36 | 1.10 | 0.88;1.38 | 1.09 | 0.87;1.37 | ||
| High | 1.30 | 1.02;1.65 | 1.09 | 0.84;1.40 | 1.10 | 0.86;1.42 | 1.11 | 0.86;1.43 | 1.09 | 0.85;1.41 | ||
| Health insurance | 2.21 | 1.79;2.73 | 2.24 | 1.80;2.78 | 2.21 | 1.79;2.74 | 2.23 | 1.69;2.94 | ||||
| Median income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 0.81 | 0.61;1.07 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.86 | 0.64;1.15 | ||||||||||
| Income inequality | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 0.78 | 0.60;1.02 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.91 | 0.70;1.19 | ||||||||||
| Violence | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 1.03 | 0.78;1.37 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.97 | 0.73;1.27 | ||||||||||
| Contextual variance (SD) | 0.050 | (0.035) | 0.041 | (0.031) | 0.053 | (0.033) | 0.055 | (0.034) | 0.038 | (0.034) | 0.053 | (0.033) |
| Mean odds ratio | 1.24 | 1.09;1.48 | 1.21 | 1.03;1.39 | 1.25 | 1.11;1.42 | 1.26 | 1.09;1.42 | 1.20 | 1.03;1.40 | 1.25 | 1.06;1.41 |
| DIC | 3.211.24 | 3.043.99 | 2.990.11 | 2.990.93 | 2.991.70 | 2.992.91 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Multilevel models for the correlation between the presence of chronic and mental illnesses and the use of health care services in the past 12 months. Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2007.
| Variable | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | Model 11 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.34 | 0.28;0.42 | 0.35 | 0.29;0.43 | 0.37 | 0.30;0.44 | 0.34 | 0.30;0.38 | 0.34 | 0.29;0.41 | 0.40 | 0.33;0.48 |
| Age | 1.00 | 1.00;1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.02 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.01 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.01 | 1.01;1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00;1.01 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary education | ||||||||||||
| High school education | 1.27 | 1.00;1.61 | 1.23 | 0.96;1.57 | 1.32 | 1.05;1.66 | 1.27 | 1.01;1.60 | 1.29 | 1.01;1.64 | 1.29 | 1.02;1.62 |
| College/University education | 1.43 | 1.02;1.99 | 1.30 | 0.92;1.83 | 1.43 | 1.02;2.00 | 1.35 | 0.98;1.87 | 1.35 | 0.96;1.90 | 1.42 | 1.01;1.99 |
| Individual income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 1.14 | 0.91;1.44 | 1.09 | 0.88;1.37 | 1.10 | 0.87;1.38 | 1.09 | 0.87;1.37 | 1.08 | 0.86;1.36 | 1.15 | 0.90;1.45 |
| High | 1.16 | 0.90;1.50 | 1.09 | 0.85;1.41 | 1.12 | 0.87;1.44 | 1.10 | 0.85;1.42 | 1.10 | 0.85;1.42 | 1.16 | 0.90;1.51 |
| Health insurance | 2.32 | 1.87;2.86 | 2.21 | 1.77;2.77 | 2.22 | 1.78;2.76 | 2.23 | 1.86;2.67 | 2.24 | 1.81;2.78 | 2.29 | 1.83;2.86 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3.08 | 2.32;4.08 | 2.74 | 2.09;3.61 | ||||||||
| Respiratory disease | 1.99 | 1.53;2.59 | 1.77 | 1.36;2.31 | ||||||||
| Migraine | 1.70 | 1.35;2.16 | 1.41 | 1.11;1.78 | ||||||||
| Depression | 1.63 | 1.14;2.33 | 1.21 | 0.82;1.78 | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 1.85 | 1.40;2.45 | 1.54 | 1.14;2.07 | ||||||||
| Contextual variance (SD) | 0.050 | (0.040) | 0.052 | (0.035) | 0.45 | (0.037) | 0.053 | (0.033) | 0.047 | (0.033) | 0.051 | (0.036) |
| Mean odds ratio | 1.24 | 1.04;1.44 | 1.24 | 1.08;1.42 | 1.22 | 1.03;1.41 | 1.25 | 1.03;1.40 | 1.23 | 1.03;1.41 | 1.24 | 1.00;1.42 |
| DIC | 2.919.6 | 2.965.09 | 2.972.92 | 2.991.70 | 2.973.26 | 2.882.44 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Multilevel models for the individual and contextual determinants of the presence of a regular physician for routine care. Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2007.
| Variable | Null model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.61 | 0.53;0.70 | 0.58 | 0.50;0.68 | 0.58 | 0.50;0.67 | 0.58 | 0.50;0.67 | 0.58 | 0.50;0.67 | ||
| Age | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary education | ||||||||||||
| High school education | 1.56 | 1.32;1.84 | 1.24 | 1.03;1.49 | 1.23 | 1.02;1.49 | 1.24 | 1.03;1.49 | 1.23 | 1.02;1.49 | ||
| College/University education | 2.02 | 1.61;2.52 | 1.25 | 0.98;1.59 | 1.27 | 1.00;1.61 | 1.27 | 1.00;1.63 | 1.26 | 0.97;1.63 | ||
| Individual income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 1.24 | 1.05;1.46 | 0.95 | 0.79;1.15 | 0.96 | 0.80;1.16 | 0.95 | 0.79;1.15 | 0.95 | 0.79;1.14 | ||
| High | 1.40 | 1.17;1.67 | 0.88 | 0.71;1.08 | 0.90 | 0.74;1.09 | 0.88 | 0.72;1.09 | 0.88 | 0.72;1.08 | ||
| Health insurance | 5.31 | 4.49;6.27 | 5.32 | 4.52;6.28 | 5.33 | 4.54;6.26 | 5.32 | 4.54;6.23 | ||||
| Median income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 0.87 | 0.68;1.12 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.83 | 0.65;1.05 | ||||||||||
| Income inequality | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 0.89 | 0.70;1.12 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.77 | 0.60;0.99 | ||||||||||
| Violence | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 1.01 | 0.78;1.30 | ||||||||||
| High | 1.02 | 0.79;1.33 | ||||||||||
| Contextual variance (SD) | 0.043 | (0.030) | 0.031 | (0.021) | 0.058 | (0.032) | 0.059 | (0.033) | 0.056 | (0.031) | 0.066 | (0.036) |
| Mean odds ratio | 1.22 | 1.03;1.38 | 1.18 | 1.04;1.09 | 1.26 | 1.11;1.42 | 1.26 | 1.11;1.43 | 1.26 | 1.10;1.41 | 1.28 | 1.12;1.45 |
| DIC | 4.955.52 | 4.758.92 | 4.310.18 | 4.310.62 | 4.309.70 | 4.312.08 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Multilevel models for the correlation between the presence of chronic and mental illnesses and the presence of a regular physician for routine care. Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2007.
| Variable | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | Model 11 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.59 | 0.51;0.69 | 0.59 | 0.51;0.69 | 0.60 | 0.51;0.69 | 0.59 | 0.50;0.68 | 0.59 | 0.51;0.68 | 0.61 | 0.52;0.72 |
| Age | 1.02 | 1.01;1.03 | 1.02 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02;1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01;1.03 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary education | ||||||||||||
| High school education | 1.25 | 1.03;1.51 | 1.21 | 1.01;1.45 | 1.24 | 1.03;1.49 | 1.24 | 1.03;1.49 | 1.23 | 1.03;1.47 | 1.26 | 1.03;1.52 |
| College/University education | 1.30 | 1.01;1.66 | 1.22 | 0.96;1.56 | 1.25 | 0.98;1.61 | 1.26 | 0.98;1.61 | 1.24 | 0.97;1.59 | 1.30 | 1.00;1.68 |
| Individual income | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Average | 0.97 | 0.80;1.17 | 0.95 | 0.79;1.14 | 0.96 | 0.80;1.16 | 0.94 | 0.79;1.13 | 0.95 | 0.79;1.14 | 0.97 | 0.81;1.16 |
| High | 0.91 | 0.73;1.12 | 0.88 | 0.72;1.08 | 0.89 | 0.73;1.10 | 0.87 | 0.72;1.06 | 0.88 | 0.72;1.08 | 0.90 | 0.73;1.09 |
| Health insurance | 5.45 | 4.61;6.45 | 5.32 | 4.52;6.26 | 5.32 | 4.54;6.23 | 5.33 | 4.52;6.28 | 5.32 | 4.54;6.24 | 5.45 | 4.66;6.38 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.62 | 1.36;1.94 | 1.58 | 1.31;1.90 | ||||||||
| Respiratory disease | 1.19 | 1.00;1.41 | 1.14 | 0.95;1.36 | ||||||||
| Migraine | 1.12 | 0.95;1.32 | 1.04 | 0.88;1.24 | ||||||||
| Depression | 1.05 | 0.83;1.34 | 0.97 | 0.75;1.24 | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 1.15 | 0.95;1.40 | 1.10 | 0.91;1.34 | ||||||||
| Contextual variance (SD) | 0.066 | (0.034) | 0.066 | (0.034) | 0.057 | (0.032) | 0.060 | (0.032) | 0.060 | (0.032) | 0.063 | (0.034) |
| Mean odds ratio | 1.28 | 1.11;1.44 | 1.28 | 1.13;1.44 | 1.26 | 1.10;1.41 | 1.26 | 1.12;1.42 | 1.26 | 1.11;1.42 | 1.27 | 1.09;1.43 |
| DIC | 4.283.38 | 4.307.45 | 4.310.46 | 4.311.49 | 4.309.20 | 4.288.01 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Análise descritiva da amostra total e para indivíduos com uso serviços de saúde nos últimos 12 meses e presença de médico de referência para cuidados de rotina. Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, 2007.
| Variável | Total | Uso de serviços de saúde | Médico de referência | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Total | 3.588 | 100,0 | 2.995 | 83,5 | 1.702 | 47,4 |
| Sexo | ||||||
| Masculino | 1.569 | 43,7 | 1.182 | 75,3 | 647 | 41,2 |
| Feminino | 2.019 | 56,3 | 1.813 | 89,8* | 1.055 | 52,2* |
| Idade (anos) | ||||||
| 18 a 39 | 1.541 | 42,9 | 1.257 | 81,6 | 622 | 40,4 |
| 40 a 59 | 1.474 | 41,1 | 1.232 | 83,6 | 749 | 50,8* |
| ≥ 60 | 573 | 16,0 | 506 | 88,3* | 331 | 57,8* |
| Escolaridade | ||||||
| Fundamental | 1.918 | 53,5 | 1.573 | 82,0 | 853 | 44,5 |
| Médio | 1.136 | 31,7 | 950 | 83,6 | 534 | 47,0 |
| Superior | 534 | 14,9 | 472 | 88,4* | 315 | 59,0* |
| Seguro saúde | ||||||
| Sim | 1.486 | 41,4 | 1.334 | 89,8 | 1.037 | 69,8 |
| Não | 2.102 | 58,6 | 1.661 | 79,0* | 665 | 31,6* |
| Renda | ||||||
| Baixa | 1.175 | 32,7 | 947 | 80,6 | 469 | 39,9 |
| Média | 1.211 | 33,7 | 1.011 | 83,5 | 572 | 47,2* |
| Alta | 1.202 | 33,5 | 1.037 | 86,3* | 661 | 55,0* |
| Desigualdade de renda | ||||||
| Baixa | 1.219 | 34,0 | 1.024 | 84,0 | 576 | 47,2 |
| Média | 1.216 | 33,9 | 995 | 81,8 | 579 | 47,6 |
| Alta | 1.153 | 32,1 | 976 | 84,6 | 547 | 47,4 |
| Renda mediana | ||||||
| Baixa | 1.223 | 34,1 | 1.022 | 83,6 | 562 | 45,9 |
| Média | 1.198 | 33,4 | 984 | 82,1 | 549 | 45,8 |
| Alta | 1.167 | 32,5 | 989 | 84,7 | 591 | 50,6* |
| Violência | ||||||
| Baixa | 1.184 | 33,0 | 1.013 | 85,6 | 618 | 52,2 |
| Média | 1.205 | 33,6 | 1.006 | 83,5 | 548 | 45,5* |
| Alta | 1.199 | 43,7 | 976 | 81,4* | 536 | 44,7* |
* Diferença significativa (p < 0,05) da regressão logística simples em relação à primeira categoria da variável.
Modelos multinível para os determinantes individuais e contextuais do uso de serviços de saúde nos últimos 12 meses. Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, 2007.
| Variável | Modelo nulo | Modelo 1 | Modelo 2 | Modelo 3 | Modelo 4 | Modelo 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | |||
| Sexo | ||||||||||||
| Masculino | 0,33 | 0,28;0,40 | 0,33 | 0,27;0,40 | 0,33 | 0,27;0,40 | 0,33 | 0,27;0,40 | 0,33 | 0,27;0,40 | ||
| Idade | 1,02 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,01 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,01 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,02 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,02 | 1,01;1,02 | ||
| Escolaridade | ||||||||||||
| Fundamental | ||||||||||||
| Médio | 1,43 | 1,15;1,79 | 0,23 | 1,00;1,60 | 1,25 | 0,99;1,57 | 1,27 | 1,01;1,60 | 1,27 | 1,01;1,60 | ||
| Superior | 1,77 | 1,29;2,45 | 1,37 | 0,97;1,93 | 1,37 | 0,97;1,93 | 1,38 | 1,00;1,91 | 1,36 | 0,98;1,89 | ||
| Renda individual | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 1,20 | 0,97;1,49 | 1,08 | 0,86;1,36 | 1,09 | 0,88;1,36 | 1,10 | 0,88;1,38 | 1,09 | 0,87;1,37 | ||
| Alta | 1,30 | 1,02;1,65 | 1,09 | 0,84;1,40 | 1,10 | 0,86;1,42 | 1,11 | 0,86;1,43 | 1,09 | 0,85;1,41 | ||
| Seguro saúde | 2,21 | 1,79;2,73 | 2,24 | 1,80;2,78 | 2,21 | 1,79;2,74 | 2,23 | 1,69;2,94 | ||||
| Renda mediana | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 0,81 | 0,61;1,07 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 0,86 | 0,64;1,15 | ||||||||||
| Desigualdade de renda | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 0,78 | 0,60;1,02 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 0,91 | 0,70;1,19 | ||||||||||
| Violência | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 1,03 | 0,78;1,37 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 0,97 | 0,73;1,27 | ||||||||||
| Variância contextual (DP) | 0,050 | (0,035) | 0,041 | (0,031) | 0,053 | (0,033) | 0,055 | (0,034) | 0,038 | (0,034) | 0,053 | (0,033) |
|
| 1,24 | 1,09;1,48 | 1,21 | 1,03;1,39 | 1,25 | 1,11;1,42 | 1,26 | 1,09;1,42 | 1,20 | 1,03;1,40 | 1,25 | 1,06;1,41 |
| DIC | 3.211,24 | 3.043,99 | 2.990,11 | 2.990,93 | 2.991,70 | 2.992,91 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Modelos multinível para a associação entre presença de doenças crônicas e mentais e o uso de serviços de saúde nos últimos 12 meses. Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, 2007.
| Variável | Modelo 6 | Modelo 7 | Modelo 8 | Modelo 9 | Modelo 10 | Modelo 11 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | |
| Sexo | ||||||||||||
| Masculino | 0,34 | 0,28;0,42 | 0,35 | 0,29;0,43 | 0,37 | 0,30;0,44 | 0,34 | 0,30;0,38 | 0,34 | 0,29;0,41 | 0,40 | 0,33;0,48 |
| Idade | 1,00 | 1,00;1,01 | 1,01 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,02 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,01 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,01 | 1,01;1,02 | 1,01 | 1,00;1,01 |
| Escolaridade | ||||||||||||
| Fundamental | ||||||||||||
| Médio | 1,27 | 1,00;1,61 | 1,23 | 0,96;1,57 | 1,32 | 1,05;1,66 | 1,27 | 1,01;1,60 | 1,29 | 1,01;1,64 | 1,29 | 1,02;1,62 |
| Superior | 1,43 | 1,02;1,99 | 1,30 | 0,92;1,83 | 1,43 | 1,02;2,00 | 1,35 | 0,98;1,87 | 1,35 | 0,96;1,90 | 1,42 | 1,01;1,99 |
| Renda individual | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 1,14 | 0,91;1,44 | 1,09 | 0,88;1,37 | 1,10 | 0,87;1,38 | 1,09 | 0,87;1,37 | 1,08 | 0,86;1,36 | 1,15 | 0,90;1,45 |
| Alta | 1,16 | 0,90;1,50 | 1,09 | 0,85;1,41 | 1,12 | 0,87;1,44 | 1,10 | 0,85;1,42 | 1,10 | 0,85;1,42 | 1,16 | 0,90;1,51 |
| Seguro saúde | 2,32 | 1,87;2,86 | 2,21 | 1,77;2,77 | 2,22 | 1,78;2,76 | 2,23 | 1,86;2,67 | 2,24 | 1,81;2,78 | 2,29 | 1,83;2,86 |
| Doenças cardiovasculares | 3,08 | 2,32;4,08 | 2,74 | 2,09;3,61 | ||||||||
| Doenças respiratórias | 1,99 | 1,53;2,59 | 1,77 | 1,36;2,31 | ||||||||
| Enxaqueca | 1,70 | 1,35;2,16 | 1,41 | 1,11;1,78 | ||||||||
| Depressão | 1,63 | 1,14;2,33 | 1,21 | 0,82;1,78 | ||||||||
| Ansiedade | 1,85 | 1,40;2,45 | 1,54 | 1,14;2,07 | ||||||||
| Variância contextual (DP) | 0,050 | (0,040) | 0,052 | (0,035) | 0,45 | (0,037) | 0,053 | (0,033) | 0,047 | (0,033) | 0,051 | (0,036) |
|
| 1,24 | 1,04;1,44 | 1,24 | 1,08;1,42 | 1,22 | 1,03;1,41 | 1,25 | 1,03;1,40 | 1,23 | 1,03;1,41 | 1,24 | 1,00;1,42 |
| DIC | 2.919,6 | 2.965,09 | 2.972,92 | 2.991,70 | 2.973,26 | 2.882,44 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Modelos multinível para os determinantes individuais e contextuais da presença de médico de referência para cuidados de rotina. Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, 2007.
| Variável | Modelo Nulo | Modelo 1 | Modelo 2 | Modelo 3 | Modelo 4 | Modelo 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | |||
| Sexo | ||||||||||||
| Masculino | 0,61 | 0,53;0,70 | 0,58 | 0,50;0,68 | 0,58 | 0,50;0,67 | 0,58 | 0,50;0,67 | 0,58 | 0,50;0,67 | ||
| Idade | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | ||
| Escolaridade | ||||||||||||
| Fundamental | ||||||||||||
| Médio | 1,56 | 1,32;1,84 | 1,24 | 1,03;1,49 | 1,23 | 1,02;1,49 | 1,24 | 1,03;1,49 | 1,23 | 1,02;1,49 | ||
| Superior | 2,02 | 1,61;2,52 | 1,25 | 0,98;1,59 | 1,27 | 1,00;1,61 | 1,27 | 1,00;1,63 | 1,26 | 0,97;1,63 | ||
| Renda individual | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 1,24 | 1,05;1,46 | 0,95 | 0,79;1,15 | 0,96 | 0,80;1,16 | 0,95 | 0,79;1,15 | 0,95 | 0,79;1,14 | ||
| Alta | 1,40 | 1,17;1,67 | 0,88 | 0,71;1,08 | 0,90 | 0,74;1,09 | 0,88 | 0,72;1,09 | 0,88 | 0,72;1,08 | ||
| Seguro saúde | 5,31 | 4,49;6,27 | 5,32 | 4,52;6,28 | 5,33 | 4,54;6,26 | 5,32 | 4,54;6,23 | ||||
| Renda mediana | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 0,87 | 0,68;1,12 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 0,83 | 0,65;1,05 | ||||||||||
| Desigualdade de renda | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 0,89 | 0,70;1,12 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 0,77 | 0,60;0,99 | ||||||||||
| Violência | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 1,01 | 0,78;1,30 | ||||||||||
| Alta | 1,02 | 0,79;1,33 | ||||||||||
| Variância contextual (DP) | 0,043 | (0,030) | 0,031 | (0,021) | 0,058 | (0,032) | 0,059 | (0,033) | 0,056 | (0,031) | 0,066 | (0,036) |
|
| 1,22 | 1,03;1,38 | 1,18 | 1,04;1,09 | 1,26 | 1,11;1,42 | 1,26 | 1,11;1,43 | 1,26 | 1,10;1,41 | 1,28 | 1,12;1,45 |
| DIC | 4.955,52 | 4.758,92 | 4.310,18 | 4.310,62 | 4.309,70 | 4.312,08 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion
Modelos multinível para a associação entre presença de doenças crônicas e mentais e a presença de médico de referência para cuidados de rotina. Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, 2007.
| Variável | Modelo 6 | Modelo 7 | Modelo 8 | Modelo 9 | Modelo 10 | Modelo 11 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | OR | IC95% | |
| Sexo | ||||||||||||
| Masculino | 0,59 | 0,51;0,69 | 0,59 | 0,51;0,69 | 0,60 | 0,51;0,69 | 0,59 | 0,50;0,68 | 0,59 | 0,51;0,68 | 0,61 | 0,52;0,72 |
| Idade | 1,02 | 1,01;1,03 | 1,02 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,03 | 1,02;1,03 | 1,02 | 1,01;1,03 |
| Escolaridade | ||||||||||||
| Fundamental | ||||||||||||
| Médio | 1,25 | 1,03;1,51 | 1,21 | 1,01;1,45 | 1,24 | 1,03;1,49 | 1,24 | 1,03;1,49 | 1,23 | 1,03;1,47 | 1,26 | 1,03;1,52 |
| Superior | 1,30 | 1,01;1,66 | 1,22 | 0,96;1,56 | 1,25 | 0,98;1,61 | 1,26 | 0,98;1,61 | 1,24 | 0,97;1,59 | 1,30 | 1,00;1,68 |
| Renda individual | ||||||||||||
| Baixa | ||||||||||||
| Média | 0,97 | 0,80;1,17 | 0,95 | 0,79;1,14 | 0,96 | 0,80;1,16 | 0,94 | 0,79;1,13 | 0,95 | 0,79;1,14 | 0,97 | 0,81;1,16 |
| Alta | 0,91 | 0,73;1,12 | 0,88 | 0,72;1,08 | 0,89 | 0,73;1,10 | 0,87 | 0,72;1,06 | 0,88 | 0,72;1,08 | 0,90 | 0,73;1,09 |
| Seguro saúde | 5,45 | 4,61;6,45 | 5,32 | 4,52;6,26 | 5,32 | 4,54;6,23 | 5,33 | 4,52;6,28 | 5,32 | 4,54;6,24 | 5,45 | 4,66;6,38 |
| Doenças cardiovasculares | 1,62 | 1,36;1,94 | 1,58 | 1,31;1,90 | ||||||||
| Doenças respiratórias | 1,19 | 1,00;1,41 | 1,14 | 0,95;1,36 | ||||||||
| Enxaqueca | 1,12 | 0,95;1,32 | 1,04 | 0,88;1,24 | ||||||||
| Depressão | 1,05 | 0,83;1,34 | 0,97 | 0,75;1,24 | ||||||||
| Ansiedade | 1,15 | 0,95;1,40 | 1,10 | 0,91;1,34 | ||||||||
| Variância contextual (DP) | 0,066 | (0,034) | 0,066 | (0,034) | 0,057 | (0,032) | 0,060 | (0,032) | 0,060 | (0,032) | 0,063 | (0,034) |
|
| 1,28 | 1,11;1,44 | 1,28 | 1,13;1,44 | 1,26 | 1,10;1,41 | 1,26 | 1,12;1,42 | 1,26 | 1,11;1,42 | 1,27 | 1,09;1,43 |
| DIC | 4.283,38 | 4.307,45 | 4.310,46 | 4.311,49 | 4.309,20 | 4.288,01 | ||||||
DIC: deviance information criterion