| Literature DB >> 25741644 |
Reginaldo Roque Mafetoni, Antonieta Keiko Kakuda Shimo.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of acupressure at the SP6 point on labor duration and cesarean section rates in parturients served in a public maternity hospital. METHODS This controlled, randomized, double-blind, pragmatic clinical trial involved 156 participants with gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm, and ≥ 2 contractions in 10 min. The women were randomly divided into an acupressure, placebo, or control group at a university hospital in an inland city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2013. Acupressure was applied to the SP6 point during contractions for 20 min. RESULTS The average labor duration was significantly different between the SP6 acupressure group [221.5 min (SD = 162.4)] versus placebo [397.9 min (SD = 265.6)] and versus control [381.9 min (SD = 358.3)] (p = 0.0047); however, the groups were similar regarding the cesarean section rates (p = 0.2526) and Apgar scores in the first minute (p = 0.9542) and the fifth minute (p = 0.7218) of life of the neonate. CONCLUSIONS The SP6 acupressure point proved to be a complementary measure to induce labor and may shorten the labor duration without causing adverse effects to the mother or the newborn. However, it did not affect the cesarean section rate.Entities:
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2015 PMID: 25741644 PMCID: PMC4386552 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005407
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Figure 1Sanyinjiao point (SP6).
Figure 2Diagram of data collection.
General and obstetric characteristics among the study groups. Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil, 2013.
| Variable | Study group | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| SP6 | Touch | Control | ||
|
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| N = 52 | N = 52 | N = 52 | ||
| Mean age in years (SD) | 26.8 (7.1) | 26.4 (6.4) | 25.2 (7.3) | 0.4567a,ⱳ |
| Education in years of study, (SD) | 9.4 (2.6) | 9.8 (2.4) | 9.6 (3.0) | 0.8954a,ⱳ |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| With partner | 49 (94.2) | 50 (96.2) | 49 (94.2) | – |
| Single | 3 (5.8) | 2 (3.9) | 3 (5.8) | – |
| Mean number of pregnancies (SD) | 2.6 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.5) | 1.8 ±1.2 |
|
| Parity, n (%) | ||||
| Nulliparous | 21 (40.4) | 28 (53.9) | 29 (55.8) | 0.2319a,Ԛ |
| Multiparous | 31 (59.7) | 24 (46.2) | 23 (44.2) | |
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| Before treatment | ||||
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| Amniotic membranes, n (%) | ||||
| Intact | 26 (50.0) | 38 (73.1) | 24 (46.2) | 0.0416b,Ԛ |
| Artificial rupture | 11 (21.2) | 4 (7.7) | 9 (17.3) | |
| Spontaneous rupture | 15 (28.9) | 10 (19.2) | 19 (36.5) | |
| Mean cervical dilation (cm) (SD) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.65 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.9) | 0.1455a,ⱳ |
| Mean number of contractions (SD) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.19 (1.1) | 3.4 (0.9) | 0.6212c,ⱳ |
| Intensity of contractions, n (%) | ||||
| Weak | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.7) | 2 (3.9) | 0.1693b,ʄ |
| Moderate | 25 (48.1) | 30 (57.7) | 26 (50.0) | |
| Strong | 27 (51.9) | 18 (34.6) | 24 (46.2) | |
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| During treatment | ||||
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| Mean number of contractions in 20 min (SD) | 7.02 (1.8) | 6.3 (2.0) | 7.5 (2.2) |
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| After treatment | ||||
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| Mean number of contractions in 60 min (SD) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.1) | 0.4484c,ⱳ |
| Intensity of contractions, n (%) | ||||
| Weak | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6.1) | 4 (8.3) | 0.7995b,ʄ |
| Moderate | 20 (42.6) | 18 (36.7) | 15 (31.3) | |
| Strong | 25 (53.2) | 28 (57.1) | 29 (60.4) | |
| Amniotic membranes, n (%) | ||||
| Artificial rupture | 10 (19.2) | 21 (40.4) | 14 (26.9) | 0.0518b,Ԛ |
| Spontaneous rupture | 7 (13.5) | 6 (11.5) | 2 (3.9) | |
| Others (cesarean section or previous rupture) | 35 (67.3) | 25 (48.1) | 36 (69.2) | |
a p < 0.05
b p < 0.025
c p < 0.0167
ⱳ Kruskal-Wallis test
Ԛ Chi-square test
ʄ Fisher’s exact test
Values with statistical significance are shown in bold.
Differences in the duration and induction of labor among parturients with vaginal delivery. Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil, 2013.
| Variable | Study group | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| SP6 | Touch | Control | |||||
|
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| N = 38 | N = 33 | N = 30 | |||||
| Labor duration (min) | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Until treatment | 444.8 | 351.7 | 492.7 | 352.9 | 534.8 | 378.5 | 0.5750a,ⱳ |
| From treatment until delivery | 221.5 | 162.4 | 397.9 | 265.6 | 381.9 | 358.3 |
|
| Total labor duration | 628.1 | 361.1 | 891.4 | 434.8 | 913.1 | 432.6 |
|
| Induction of labor | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Cervical catheter | 3 | 7.9 | 4 | 12.1 | 5 | 16.7 | 0.5490b,ʄ |
| Prostaglandin | 7 | 18.4 | 6 | 18.2 | 6 | 20.0 | 0.9801b,Ԛ |
| Oxytocin | 23 | 60.5 | 23 | 69.7 | 12 | 40.0 | 0.0521b,Ԛ |
a p < 0.0167
b p < 0.05
ⱳ Kruskal-Wallis test
ʄ Fisher’s exact test
Ԛ Chi-square test
Values with statistical significance are shown in bold.
Type of delivery and Apgar score among the groups of parturients. Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil, 2013.
| Variable | Study group | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| SP6 | Touch | Control | |||||
|
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| N = 52 | N = 52 | N = 52 | |||||
| Type of delivery | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Vaginal | 38 | 73.1 | 33 | 63.5 | 30 | 57.7 | 0.2526a,Ԛ |
| Cesarean section | 14 | 26.9 | 19 | 36.6 | 22 | 42.3 | |
| Apgar scores | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| 1st min | 8.5 | 1.2 | 8.17 | 1.8 | 8.3 | 2.1 | 0.9542a,ⱳ |
| 5th min | 9.6 | 0.6 | 9.54 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 1.5 | 0.7218a,ⱳ |
a p < 0.05
Ԛ Chi-square test
ⱳ Kruskal-Wallis test
Figura 1Ponto Sanyinjiao (BP6).
Figura 2Diagrama de coleta de dados.
Distribuição das características gerais, obstétricas e grupos de estudo das parturientes. Campinas, SP, 2013.
| Variável | Grupo de estudo | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| BP6 | Toque | Controle | ||
|
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| N = 52 | N = 52 | N = 52 | ||
| Idade (anos), média (dp) | 26,8 (7,1) | 26,4 (6,4) | 25,2 (7,3) | 0,4567a,ⱳ |
| Escolaridade (anos de estudo), média (dp) | 9,4 (2,6) | 9,8 (2,4) | 9,6 (3,0) | 0,8954a,ⱳ |
| Estado marital, n (%) | ||||
| Com companheiro | 49 (94,2) | 50 (96,2) | 49 (94,2) | – |
| Sem companheiro | 3 (5,8) | 2 (3,9) | 3 (5,8) | – |
| Nº gestações, média (dp) | 2,6 (1,7) | 2,3 (1,5) | 1,8±1,2 |
|
| Paridade, n (%) | ||||
| Nulípara | 21 (40,4) | 28 (53,9) | 29 (55,8) | 0,2319a,Ԛ |
| Multípara | 31 (59,7) | 24 (46,2) | 23 (44,2) | |
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| Antes do tratamento | ||||
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| Membranas amnióticas, n (%) | ||||
| Íntegras | 26 (50,0) | 38 (73,1) | 24 (46,2) | 0,0416b,Ԛ |
| Rota artificial | 11 (21,2) | 4 (7,7) | 9 (17,3) | |
| Rota espontânea | 15 (28,9) | 10 (19,2) | 19 (36,5) | |
| Dilatação cervical (cm), média (dp) | 4,9 (0,8) | 4,65 (0,9) | 4,6 (0,9) | 0,1455a,ⱳ |
| Nº contrações, média (dp) | 3,3 (1,0) | 3,19 (1,1) | 3,4 (0,9) | 0,6212c,ⱳ |
| Intensidade das contrações, n (%) | ||||
| Fraca | 0 (0,0) | 4 (7,7) | 2 (3,9) | 0,1693b,ʄ |
| Moderada | 25 (48,1) | 30 (57,7) | 26 (50,0) | |
| Forte | 27 (51,9) | 18 (34,6) | 24 (46,2) | |
|
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| Durante o tratamento | ||||
|
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| Nº de contrações em 20 min, média (dp) | 7,02 (1,8) | 6,3 (2,0) | 7,5 (2,2) |
|
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| Após o tratamento | ||||
|
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| Nº de contrações com 60 min, média (dp) | 3,6 (1,1) | 3,4 (1,2) | 3,6 (1,1) | 0,4484c,ⱳ |
| Intensidade das contrações, n (%) | ||||
| Fraca | 2 (4,3) | 3 (6,1) | 4 (8,3) | 0,7995b,ʄ |
| Moderada | 20 (42,6) | 18 (36,7) | 15 (31,3) | |
| Forte | 25 (53,2) | 28 (57,1) | 29 (60,4) | |
| Membranas amnióticas, n (%) | ||||
| Rota artificial | 10 (19,2) | 21 (40,4) | 14 (26,9) | 0,0518b,Ԛ |
| Rota espontânea | 7 (13,5) | 6 (11,5) | 2 (3,9) | |
| Outras (cesárea ou ruptura antes) | 35 (67,3) | 25 (48,1) | 36 (69,2) | |
a p < 0,05
b p < 0,025
c p < 0,0167
ⱳ teste de Kruskal-Wallis
Ԛ teste Qui-quadrado
ʄ teste exato de Fisher
Valores com significância estatística estão apresentados em negrito.
Diferenças no período de duração e indução do trabalho de parto entre as parturientes com parto vaginal. Campinas, SP, 2013.
| Variável | Grupo de estudo | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| BP6 | Toque | Controle | |||||
|
| |||||||
| N = 38 | N = 33 | N = 30 | |||||
| Duração do trabalho de parto (min) | Média | dp | Média | dp | Média | dp | |
| Até o tratamento | 444,8 | 351,7 | 492,7 | 352,9 | 534,8 | 378,5 | 0,5750a,ⱳ |
| Do tratamento ao nascimento | 221,5 | 162,4 | 397,9 | 265,6 | 381,9 | 358,3 |
|
| Tempo total de trabalho de parto | 628,1 | 361,1 | 891,4 | 434,8 | 913,1 | 432,6 |
|
| Indução do trabalho de parto | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Balão cervical | 3 | 7,9 | 4 | 12,1 | 5 | 16,7 | 0,5490b,ʄ |
| Prostaglandina | 7 | 18,4 | 6 | 18,2 | 6 | 20,0 | 0,9801b,Ԛ |
| Ocitocina | 23 | 60,5 | 23 | 69,7 | 12 | 40,0 | 0,0521b,Ԛ |
a p < 0,0167
b p < 0,05
ⱳ teste de Kruskal-Wallis
ʄ teste exato de Fisher
Ԛ teste Qui-quadrado
Valores com significância estatística estão apresentados em negrito.
Tipo de parto e escore de Apgar entre os grupos de parturientes. Campinas, SP, 2013.
| Variável | Grupo de estudo | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| BP6 | Toque | Controle | |||||
|
| |||||||
| N = 52 | N = 52 | N = 52 | |||||
| Tipo de parto | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Vaginal | 38 | 73,1 | 33 | 63,5 | 30 | 57,7 | 0,2526a,Ԛ |
| Cesariana | 14 | 26,9 | 19 | 36,6 | 22 | 42,3 | |
| Valores de Apgar | Média | dp | Média | dp | Média | Dp | |
| 1º minuto | 8,5 | 1,2 | 8,17 | 1,8 | 8,3 | 2,1 | 0,9542a,ⱳ |
| 5º minuto | 9,6 | 0,6 | 9,54 | 0,7 | 9,3 | 1,5 | 0,7218a,ⱳ |
a p < 0,05
Ԛ teste Qui-quadrado
ⱳ teste de Kruskal-Wallis