OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be involved in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. But the mechanism is yet to be explored. An imbalance between Th1 and Th2 activity play a crucial role in pathogenesis of many cancers. The purpose of the study is to find out the Th1/Th2 status by estimating TNF-α (Th1 marker) and IL-4 (Th2 marker) in ovarian cancer cases and controls and to correlate these with serum vitamin D levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study with 50 ovarian cancer cases and 50 healthy controls was conducted. The cytokines TNF-α and IL-4 were estimated by ELISA. Serum vitamin D was measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method. RESULTS: Median TNF-α levels (12.2 vs 6.2 pg/ml; p value <0.001) were significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients and mean IL-4 levels (2.22 ± 0.51 vs 2.99 ± 0.68 pg/ml; p value <0.05) were significantly lower as compared to those of controls. Levels of TNF-α and IL-4 did not vary significantly with clinical staging, and histological grading. Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with TNF-α and positively correlated with IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Low vitamin D levels promotes Th1 activity increasing TNF-α levels and inhibits Th2 activity decreasing IL-4 levels in ovarian cancer. These low levels of vitamin D may induce pro-inflammatory micro ambience which might contribute to pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
OBJECTIVE:Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be involved in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. But the mechanism is yet to be explored. An imbalance between Th1 and Th2 activity play a crucial role in pathogenesis of many cancers. The purpose of the study is to find out the Th1/Th2 status by estimating TNF-α (Th1 marker) and IL-4 (Th2 marker) in ovarian cancer cases and controls and to correlate these with serum vitamin D levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study with 50 ovarian cancer cases and 50 healthy controls was conducted. The cytokines TNF-α and IL-4 were estimated by ELISA. Serum vitamin D was measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method. RESULTS: Median TNF-α levels (12.2 vs 6.2 pg/ml; p value <0.001) were significantly higher in ovarian cancerpatients and mean IL-4 levels (2.22 ± 0.51 vs 2.99 ± 0.68 pg/ml; p value <0.05) were significantly lower as compared to those of controls. Levels of TNF-α and IL-4 did not vary significantly with clinical staging, and histological grading. Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with TNF-α and positively correlated with IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Low vitamin D levels promotes Th1 activity increasing TNF-α levels and inhibits Th2 activity decreasing IL-4 levels in ovarian cancer. These low levels of vitamin D may induce pro-inflammatory micro ambience which might contribute to pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Authors: M S Topp; C A Papadimitriou; F Eitelbach; M Koenigsmann; E Oelmann; B Koehler; D Oberberg; B Reufi; H Stein; E Thiel Journal: Cancer Res Date: 1995-05-15 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Peter W Szlosarek; Matthew J Grimshaw; Hagen Kulbe; Julia L Wilson; George D Wilbanks; Frances Burke; Frances R Balkwill Journal: Mol Cancer Ther Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 6.261
Authors: Mazda Jenab; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Pietro Ferrari; Franzel J B van Duijnhoven; Teresa Norat; Tobias Pischon; Eugène H J M Jansen; Nadia Slimani; Graham Byrnes; Sabina Rinaldi; Anne Tjønneland; Anja Olsen; Kim Overvad; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon; Sophie Morois; Rudolf Kaaks; Jakob Linseisen; Heiner Boeing; Manuela M Bergmann; Antonia Trichopoulou; Gesthimani Misirli; Dimitrios Trichopoulos; Franco Berrino; Paolo Vineis; Salvatore Panico; Domenico Palli; Rosario Tumino; Martine M Ros; Carla H van Gils; Petra H Peeters; Magritt Brustad; Eiliv Lund; María-José Tormo; Eva Ardanaz; Laudina Rodríguez; Maria-José Sánchez; Miren Dorronsoro; Carlos A Gonzalez; Göran Hallmans; Richard Palmqvist; Andrew Roddam; Timothy J Key; Kay-Tee Khaw; Philippe Autier; Pierre Hainaut; Elio Riboli Journal: BMJ Date: 2010-01-21
Authors: Robert Goldstein; Charles Hanley; Jonathan Morris; Declan Cahill; Ashish Chandra; Peter Harper; Simon Chowdhury; John Maher; Sophie Burbridge Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2011-12-16 Impact factor: 6.639