BACKGROUND: Since 2006 more than 60,000 migrants arrived in Israel from the Horn of Africa (HoA: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia). They were detained in prison and screened for tuberculosis (TB) by means of an interview and chest X-ray (CXR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the yield of this screening process. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the validity of CXR in a random sample of 1087 of the 5335 HoA migrants (20.4%) who arrived in 2009, and assessed its related costs. RESULTS: Sixty-two migrants (5.7%) had CXRs with TB-suspicious findings, and 11 of them were finally diagnosed with TB (17.7% of all TB-suspicious CXRs). TB point-prevalence was 1000 cases per 100,000 migrants (1.0%). As no additional TB cases were diagnosed on arrival, CXR sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 100%, 96.1% and 17.7%, respectively. The interview did not contribute to the detection of migrants with TB. Direct costs related to the detection of single TB cases in prison was 17,970 shekels (US$ 4585), lower than the treating cost of 28,745 shekels ($7335). During 2008-2010, 88 HoA migrants who had been screened at the prison after crossing the border were later diagnosed with TB in the community. The average annual TB incidence was 132 cases/100,000 migrants. We traced 56 (63.6%) of the CXRs that were performed during detention. Of those, 41 (73.2%) were unremarkable, 8 (14.2%) were TB suspicious and 7 (12.5%) had non-TB-related abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: CXR-based screening is a valid and cost-saving tool for screening HoA migrants for TB; the interview has significant limitations.
BACKGROUND: Since 2006 more than 60,000 migrants arrived in Israel from the Horn of Africa (HoA: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia). They were detained in prison and screened for tuberculosis (TB) by means of an interview and chest X-ray (CXR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the yield of this screening process. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the validity of CXR in a random sample of 1087 of the 5335 HoA migrants (20.4%) who arrived in 2009, and assessed its related costs. RESULTS: Sixty-two migrants (5.7%) had CXRs with TB-suspicious findings, and 11 of them were finally diagnosed with TB (17.7% of all TB-suspicious CXRs). TB point-prevalence was 1000 cases per 100,000 migrants (1.0%). As no additional TB cases were diagnosed on arrival, CXR sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 100%, 96.1% and 17.7%, respectively. The interview did not contribute to the detection of migrants with TB. Direct costs related to the detection of single TB cases in prison was 17,970 shekels (US$ 4585), lower than the treating cost of 28,745 shekels ($7335). During 2008-2010, 88 HoA migrants who had been screened at the prison after crossing the border were later diagnosed with TB in the community. The average annual TB incidence was 132 cases/100,000 migrants. We traced 56 (63.6%) of the CXRs that were performed during detention. Of those, 41 (73.2%) were unremarkable, 8 (14.2%) were TB suspicious and 7 (12.5%) had non-TB-related abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: CXR-based screening is a valid and cost-saving tool for screening HoA migrants for TB; the interview has significant limitations.
Authors: F Naufal; L H Chaisson; K O Robsky; P Delgado-Barroso; H S Alvarez-Manzo; C R Miller; A E Shapiro; J E Golub Journal: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Date: 2022-06-01 Impact factor: 3.427
Authors: Hai Viet Nguyen; Edine W Tiemersma; Hoa Binh Nguyen; Frank G J Cobelens; Alyssa Finlay; Philippe Glaziou; Cu Huy Dao; Veriko Mirtskhulava; Hung Van Nguyen; Huyen T T Pham; Ngoc T T Khieu; Petra de Haas; Nam Hoang Do; Phan Do Nguyen; Cong Van Cung; Nhung Viet Nguyen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-04-23 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Anne C Spaulding; Gloria D Eldridge; Cynthia E Chico; Nancy Morisseau; Ana Drobeniuc; Rebecca Fils-Aime; Carolyn Day; Robyn Hopkins; Xingzhong Jin; Junyu Chen; Kate A Dolan Journal: Epidemiol Rev Date: 2018-06-01 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Pranav Rajpurkar; Jeremy Irvin; Robyn L Ball; Kaylie Zhu; Brandon Yang; Hershel Mehta; Tony Duan; Daisy Ding; Aarti Bagul; Curtis P Langlotz; Bhavik N Patel; Kristen W Yeom; Katie Shpanskaya; Francis G Blankenberg; Jayne Seekins; Timothy J Amrhein; David A Mong; Safwan S Halabi; Evan J Zucker; Andrew Y Ng; Matthew P Lungren Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2018-11-20 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Z Mor; N Nuss; M Savion; I Nissan; M Lidji; S Maneshcu; H Kaidar-Shwartz; Z Amitai; E Rorman; R Sheffer Journal: Isr J Health Policy Res Date: 2018-07-15