Frank Bode1, Oliver Blanck2, Maximilian Gebhard3, Peter Hunold4, Martin Grossherr5, Sebastian Brandt5, Reinhard Vonthein6, Holger Thiele7, Juergen Dunst2, Dirk Rades2. 1. Medizinische Klinik II, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23560 Luebeck, Germany frank.bode@uk-sh.de. 2. Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany. 3. Institut für Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany. 4. Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany. 5. Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany. 6. Institut für Biometrie und Statistik, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany. 7. Medizinische Klinik II, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23560 Luebeck, Germany.
Abstract
AIMS: Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) has been established in clinical routine as a curative treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). While catheter ablation carries procedural risks, radiosurgery might be able to non-invasively induce lesions at the PV ostia to block veno-atrial electrical conduction. This porcine feasibility and dose escalation study determined the effect of radiosurgery on electrophysiologic properties of the left atrial-PV junction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight adult Goettingen mini-pigs underwent electrophysiological voltage mapping in the left atrium and the upper right PV. Radiation was delivered with a conventional linear accelerator. A single homogeneous dose ranging from 22.5 to 40 Gy was applied circumferentially to the target vein antrum. Six months after radiosurgery, electrophysiological mapping was repeated and a histological examination performed. Voltage mapping consistently showed electrical potentials in the upper right PV at baseline. Pacing the target vein prompted atrial excitation, thus proving veno-atrial electrical conduction. After 6 months, radiation had reduced PV electrogram amplitudes. This was dose dependent with a mean interaction effect of -5.8%/Gy. Complete block of atrio-venous electrical conduction occurred after 40 Gy dose application. Histology revealed transmural scarring of the targeted PV musculature with doses >30 Gy. After 40 Gy, it spanned the entire circumference in accordance with pulmonary vein isolation. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vein isolation to treat AF can be achieved by radiosurgery with a conventional linear accelerator. Yet, it requires a high radiation dose which might limit clinical applicability. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) has been established in clinical routine as a curative treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). While catheter ablation carries procedural risks, radiosurgery might be able to non-invasively induce lesions at the PV ostia to block veno-atrial electrical conduction. This porcine feasibility and dose escalation study determined the effect of radiosurgery on electrophysiologic properties of the left atrial-PV junction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight adult Goettingen mini-pigs underwent electrophysiological voltage mapping in the left atrium and the upper right PV. Radiation was delivered with a conventional linear accelerator. A single homogeneous dose ranging from 22.5 to 40 Gy was applied circumferentially to the target vein antrum. Six months after radiosurgery, electrophysiological mapping was repeated and a histological examination performed. Voltage mapping consistently showed electrical potentials in the upper right PV at baseline. Pacing the target vein prompted atrial excitation, thus proving veno-atrial electrical conduction. After 6 months, radiation had reduced PV electrogram amplitudes. This was dose dependent with a mean interaction effect of -5.8%/Gy. Complete block of atrio-venous electrical conduction occurred after 40 Gy dose application. Histology revealed transmural scarring of the targeted PV musculature with doses >30 Gy. After 40 Gy, it spanned the entire circumference in accordance with pulmonary vein isolation. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vein isolation to treat AF can be achieved by radiosurgery with a conventional linear accelerator. Yet, it requires a high radiation dose which might limit clinical applicability. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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