Nathalie Coolen1, Philippe Morand2, Clémence Martin1, Dominique Hubert1, Reem Kanaan1, Jeanne Chapron1, Isabelle Honoré1, Daniel Dusser1, Etienne Audureau3, Nicolas Veziris4, Pierre-Régis Burgel5. 1. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France. 2. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Bactériologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France. 3. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Informatique Médicale et de Biostatistiques, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France. 4. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology), F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology), F-75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Bactériologie-Hygiène, F-75013 Paris, France. 5. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France. Electronic address: pierre-regis.burgel@cch.aphp.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Azithromycin reduces exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Our aim was to investigate its association with nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation and macrolide susceptibility. METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, all adult CF subjects at Cochin Hospital (Paris, France) harboring at least one positive NTM isolate were identified (Cases). In a nested case-control study, each Case was individually matched for age and gender with up to 4 CF adults with no NTM isolate (Controls). Clinical data at the time of first NTM isolate (index date) in Cases were compared with those of Controls using multivariate conditional regression analysis. RESULTS: CF subjects with positive NTM isolates (Cases, n=41) were matched to 155 Controls. Among Cases, 48.7% had isolates from Mycobacterium avium complex and 58.5% from Mycobacterium abscessus complex, and 31 Cases fulfilled the 2007 American Thoracic Society criteria for NTM infection (ATS+ Cases). Cases and ATS+ Cases were more likely to have low body mass index and colonization with Aspergillus fumigatus. Azithromycin was associated with a two-fold reduction in NTM isolates. Only one M. avium complex isolate had acquired macrolide resistance. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that azithromycin is a primary prophylaxis for NTM infection in CF adults.
BACKGROUND:Azithromycin reduces exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Our aim was to investigate its association with nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation and macrolide susceptibility. METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, all adult CF subjects at Cochin Hospital (Paris, France) harboring at least one positive NTM isolate were identified (Cases). In a nested case-control study, each Case was individually matched for age and gender with up to 4 CF adults with no NTM isolate (Controls). Clinical data at the time of first NTM isolate (index date) in Cases were compared with those of Controls using multivariate conditional regression analysis. RESULTS: CF subjects with positive NTM isolates (Cases, n=41) were matched to 155 Controls. Among Cases, 48.7% had isolates from Mycobacterium avium complex and 58.5% from Mycobacterium abscessus complex, and 31 Cases fulfilled the 2007 American Thoracic Society criteria for NTM infection (ATS+ Cases). Cases and ATS+ Cases were more likely to have low body mass index and colonization with Aspergillus fumigatus. Azithromycin was associated with a two-fold reduction in NTM isolates. Only one M. avium complex isolate had acquired macrolide resistance. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that azithromycin is a primary prophylaxis for NTM infection in CF adults.
Authors: Jonathan D Cogen; Frankline Onchiri; Julia Emerson; Ronald L Gibson; Lucas R Hoffman; David P Nichols; Margaret Rosenfeld Journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc Date: 2018-06
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