An overview of immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation.

Significant advancements in solid organ transplantation immunosuppressive medications and regimens have resulted in improved outcomes over the years. A multidrug approach involving medications with different mechanisms of action is commonly used. Induction therapy can involve the use of antibody agents or higher doses of medications used for maintenance therapy. A calcineurin inhibitor, an antiproliferative agent, and a corticosteroid commonly serve as the initial triple medication regimen. Due to the potential for nephrotoxicity with the use of calcineurin inhibitors and chronic conditions with the prolonged use of corticosteroids, various withdrawal strategies are used in practice. Antimicrobial agents are prescribed to provide prophylaxis against certain viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. Other concomitant medications in the regimens for patients who have undergone transplantation vary depending on patient-specific factors and conditions.