Francis Abed Rabbo1,2,3, Guillaume Koch4,5, Christian Lefèvre6,7,8, Romuald Seizeur6,7,9. 1. Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Université de Brest, Brest, France. francis.ar@gmail.com. 2. Laboratoire de traitement de l'information médicale, LaTIM UMR1101, Brest, France. francis.ar@gmail.com. 3. Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France. francis.ar@gmail.com. 4. Institut d'Anatomie normale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. 5. Service de Radiologie, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. 6. Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Université de Brest, Brest, France. 7. Laboratoire de traitement de l'information médicale, LaTIM UMR1101, Brest, France. 8. Service d'Orthopédie, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France. 9. Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to review the literature on direct geniculo-extrastriate pathways with special attention to 3D extrastriate visual areas. METHODS: A literature review was realized using PubMed and Google Scholar. "Lateral geniculate nucleus", "geniculo-extrastriate pathways" and "white matter fiber tracts" were among the keywords used. RESULTS: Existence of geniculo-extrastriate connections was first hypothesized by the clinical observations of Riddoch's syndrome in patients with striate cortex (primary visual area, V1) lesions. Robust histological proof of geniculo-extrastriate pathways exists in monkeys. In humans, these pathways were tested through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electro- and magneto-physiological paradigms. Conversely, only indirect proof of the connection between lateral geniculate nucleus and V5 exists. To our knowledge there were not any anatomical studies of geniculo-extrastriate connections in humans. CONCLUSION: Few human studies take interest in geniculo-extrastriate pathways. Only indirect proof of geniculo-extrastriate pathways exists in humans.
PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to review the literature on direct geniculo-extrastriate pathways with special attention to 3D extrastriate visual areas. METHODS: A literature review was realized using PubMed and Google Scholar. "Lateral geniculate nucleus", "geniculo-extrastriate pathways" and "white matter fiber tracts" were among the keywords used. RESULTS: Existence of geniculo-extrastriate connections was first hypothesized by the clinical observations of Riddoch's syndrome in patients with striate cortex (primary visual area, V1) lesions. Robust histological proof of geniculo-extrastriate pathways exists in monkeys. In humans, these pathways were tested through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electro- and magneto-physiological paradigms. Conversely, only indirect proof of the connection between lateral geniculate nucleus and V5 exists. To our knowledge there were not any anatomical studies of geniculo-extrastriate connections in humans. CONCLUSION: Few human studies take interest in geniculo-extrastriate pathways. Only indirect proof of geniculo-extrastriate pathways exists in humans.
Entities:
Keywords:
Anatomy and connections; Lateral geniculate nucleus; Pathways; Stereoscopic/3D visual areas; Visual cortical areas; Visual field; White matter fiber tracts
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