Adjuvant and neoadjuvant systemic therapy for pancreas adenocarcinoma.

The last two decades of research in the adjuvant setting of pancreas adenocarcinoma have established the value of adjuvant systemic therapy as being able to delay recurrence and increase overall survival. International standards of care in the adjuvant setting include either 6 months of gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. The added value of additional agents in the adjuvant setting is being evaluated in several large adjuvant studies. The role of a targeted agent in the adjuvant setting remains investigational. Other major areas of exploration include the integration of adjuvant immunotherapeutic approaches, which provide promise in a setting of micrometastatic disease volumes where such approaches may have greatest value.