Statistical considerations for preclinical studies.

Research studies must always have proper planning, conduct, analysis and reporting in order to preserve scientific integrity. Preclinical studies, the first stage of the drug development process, are no exception to this rule. The decision to advance to clinical trials in humans relies on the results of these studies. Recent observations show that a significant number of preclinical studies lack rigor in their conduct and reporting. This paper discusses statistical aspects, such as design, sample size determination, and methods of analyses, that will help add rigor and improve the quality of preclinical studies.