Robbert N H Touwslager1, Alfons J H M Houben2, Frans E S Tan3, Marij Gielen4, Maurice P Zeegers4, Coen D A Stehouwer5, Willem-Jan M Gerver6, Klaas R Westerterp7, Loek Wouters7, Carlos E Blanco6, Luc J Zimmermann6, Antonius L M Mulder6. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: bob.touwslager@mumc.nl. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands. 4. Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Section of Complex Genetics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 5. Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands. 7. Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the inverse association between infant growth and endothelial function at 6 months would persist to 24 months and that accelerated growth would lead to an increased percent body fat, which would, in turn, impact negatively on endothelial function. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective observational study, 104 healthy term newborns underwent anthropometry and measurements of vascular vasodilation at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months. We recorded maximum vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) by use of laser-Doppler vascular perfusion monitoring of the forearm skin vasculature. Additional anthropometry at 1 and 3 months was collected from child welfare centers. The data were analyzed by multilevel linear regression. RESULTS: Weight gain from 0-1 month was associated inversely with maximum perfusion in response to acetylcholine at the age of 2 years (b = -8.28 perfusion units [PU] per Δ z-score, P = .03). Weight gain from 0-1 month was related positively to maximum perfusion in response to nitroprusside (b = 10.12 PU per Δ z-score, P = .04), as was birth weight (b = 8.02 PU per z-score, P = .02). Body fat percentage did not have a significant effect in any of the perfusion models and was not related to maximum perfusion at 2 years. CONCLUSION: Infant weight gain from 0-1 month is inversely related to endothelial function in healthy term infants, at least to the age of 2 years. This relationship was not explained by an increased percentage body fat.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the inverse association between infant growth and endothelial function at 6 months would persist to 24 months and that accelerated growth would lead to an increased percent body fat, which would, in turn, impact negatively on endothelial function. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective observational study, 104 healthy term newborns underwent anthropometry and measurements of vascular vasodilation at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months. We recorded maximum vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) by use of laser-Doppler vascular perfusion monitoring of the forearm skin vasculature. Additional anthropometry at 1 and 3 months was collected from child welfare centers. The data were analyzed by multilevel linear regression. RESULTS: Weight gain from 0-1 month was associated inversely with maximum perfusion in response to acetylcholine at the age of 2 years (b = -8.28 perfusion units [PU] per Δ z-score, P = .03). Weight gain from 0-1 month was related positively to maximum perfusion in response to nitroprusside (b = 10.12 PU per Δ z-score, P = .04), as was birth weight (b = 8.02 PU per z-score, P = .02). Body fat percentage did not have a significant effect in any of the perfusion models and was not related to maximum perfusion at 2 years. CONCLUSION:Infant weight gain from 0-1 month is inversely related to endothelial function in healthy term infants, at least to the age of 2 years. This relationship was not explained by an increased percentage body fat.
Authors: Ann Von Holle; Kari E North; Sheila Gahagan; Raquel A Burrows; Estela Blanco; Betsy Lozoff; Annie Green Howard; Anne Justice; Misa Graff; Venkata Saroja Voruganti Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-06-03 Impact factor: 2.692