Targeting molecular hydrogen to mitochondria: barriers and gateways.

Although the administration of molecular hydrogen (H2, dihydrogen) has been recognized as an effective innovative therapeutic procedure in biomedicine, H2 cellular kinetics and utilization seems to be less understood. In particular, mitochondrial barriers might impact on H2 use in mitochondria-related diseases and conditions. Double-membrane organization of mitochondria and large membrane potential are important elements of mitochondrial stability that control the transport of the molecule into and out of the organelle. In this perspective paper, we advanced possible obstacles and advantages for H2 delivery to mitochondria.