| Literature DB >> 25704330 |
Joana Caetano1, José Delgado Alves2.
Abstract
Recent large epidemiological studies have confirmed that an elevated resting heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality in the general population as well as in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. Pathophysiological studies indicate that a higher heart rate has detrimental effects that favor myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias, as well as an increase in vascular oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression. Benefits of heart rate lowering drugs, such as beta-blockers and ivabradine, in reducing overall and cardiovascular-related mortality, have been demonstrated particularly in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. However, despite these evidences, resting heart rate is still an overlooked cardiovascular risk factor.Entities:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Autonomic dysfunction; Cardiovascular risk factors; Endothelial dysfunction; Heart rate variability; Resting heart rate
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Year: 2015 PMID： 25704330 DOI： 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.02.009
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Eur J Intern Med ISSN： 0953-6205 Impact factor: 4.487