Anesthesia for major urologic surgery.

This article details the anesthetic management of robot-assisted and laparoscopic urologic surgery. It includes the key concerns for anesthetists and a guide template for those learning this specialist area. The emphasis is on the principles of enhanced recovery, the preoperative and risk assessments, as well as the specific management plans to reduce the incidence of complications arising as a result of the prolonged pneumoperitoneum and steep head-down positions necessary for most of these procedures.