Phillip M Pierorazio1, Michael H Johnson2, Mark W Ball2, Michael A Gorin2, Bruce J Trock2, Peter Chang3, Andrew A Wagner3, James M McKiernan4, Mohamad E Allaf2. 1. The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: philpierorazio@jhmi.edu. 2. The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A growing body of retrospective literature is emerging regarding active surveillance (AS) for patients with small renal masses (SRMs). There are limited prospective data evaluating the effectiveness of AS compared to primary intervention (PI). OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who chose AS for management of their SRM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From 2009 to 2014, the multi-institutional Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) registry prospectively enrolled 497 patients with solid renal masses ≤4.0cm who chose PI or AS. INTERVENTION: AS versus PI. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The registry was designed and powered as a noninferiority study based on historic recurrence rates for PI. Analyses were performed in an intention-to-treat manner. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the 497 patients enrolled, 274 (55%) chose PI and 223 (45%) chose AS, of whom 21 (9%) crossed over to delayed intervention. AS patients were older, had worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores, total comorbidities, and cardiovascular comorbidities, had smaller tumors, and more often had multiple and bilateral lesions. OS for PI and AS was 98% and 96% at 2 yr, and 92% and 75% at 5 yr, respectively (log rank, p=0.06). At 5 yr, CSS was 99% and 100% for PI and AS, respectively (p=0.3). AS was not predictive of OS or CSS in regression modeling with relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In a well-selected cohort with up to 5 yr of prospective follow-up, AS was not inferior to PI. PATIENT SUMMARY: The current report is among the first prospective analyses of patients electing for active surveillance of a small renal mass. Discussion of active surveillance should become part of the standard discussion for management of small renal masses.
BACKGROUND: A growing body of retrospective literature is emerging regarding active surveillance (AS) for patients with small renal masses (SRMs). There are limited prospective data evaluating the effectiveness of AS compared to primary intervention (PI). OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who chose AS for management of their SRM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From 2009 to 2014, the multi-institutional Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) registry prospectively enrolled 497 patients with solid renal masses ≤4.0cm who chose PI or AS. INTERVENTION: AS versus PI. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The registry was designed and powered as a noninferiority study based on historic recurrence rates for PI. Analyses were performed in an intention-to-treat manner. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the 497 patients enrolled, 274 (55%) chose PI and 223 (45%) chose AS, of whom 21 (9%) crossed over to delayed intervention. AS patients were older, had worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores, total comorbidities, and cardiovascular comorbidities, had smaller tumors, and more often had multiple and bilateral lesions. OS for PI and AS was 98% and 96% at 2 yr, and 92% and 75% at 5 yr, respectively (log rank, p=0.06). At 5 yr, CSS was 99% and 100% for PI and AS, respectively (p=0.3). AS was not predictive of OS or CSS in regression modeling with relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In a well-selected cohort with up to 5 yr of prospective follow-up, AS was not inferior to PI. PATIENT SUMMARY: The current report is among the first prospective analyses of patients electing for active surveillance of a small renal mass. Discussion of active surveillance should become part of the standard discussion for management of small renal masses.
Authors: Matthew R Danzig; Peter Chang; Andrew A Wagner; Mohamad E Allaf; James M McKiernan; Phillip M Pierorazio Journal: Curr Urol Rep Date: 2016-01 Impact factor: 3.092
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