Eelke Brandsma1, Tom Houben, Jingyuan Fu, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Marten H Hofker. 1. aDepartment of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen bDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht cDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut-microbiota can be considered as one of the major factors causing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Pattern recognition receptors as well as antimicrobial peptides are a key factor in controlling the intestinal microbiota composition. Deficiencies in these genes lead to changes in the composition of the gut-microbiota, causing leakage of endotoxins into the circulation, and the development of low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Dietary composition can also affect the microbiota: a diet rich in saturated fats allows the expansion of pathobionts that damage the intestinal epithelial cell layer and compromise its barrier function. In contrast, a diet high in fiber supports the microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids, thereby promoting energy expenditure and protecting against inflammation and insulin resistance. SUMMARY: The interactions between the microbiota, innate immunity, and diet play an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis. A properly functioning innate immune system, combined with a low-fat and high-fiber diet, is important in preventing dysbiosis and reducing the susceptibility to developing the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut-microbiota can be considered as one of the major factors causing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Pattern recognition receptors as well as antimicrobial peptides are a key factor in controlling the intestinal microbiota composition. Deficiencies in these genes lead to changes in the composition of the gut-microbiota, causing leakage of endotoxins into the circulation, and the development of low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Dietary composition can also affect the microbiota: a diet rich in saturated fats allows the expansion of pathobionts that damage the intestinal epithelial cell layer and compromise its barrier function. In contrast, a diet high in fiber supports the microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids, thereby promoting energy expenditure and protecting against inflammation and insulin resistance. SUMMARY: The interactions between the microbiota, innate immunity, and diet play an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis. A properly functioning innate immune system, combined with a low-fat and high-fiber diet, is important in preventing dysbiosis and reducing the susceptibility to developing the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: Seo Ah Hong; Eun Lee; Sung Ok Kwon; Kyung Won Kim; Youn Ho Shin; Kang Mo Ahn; Eun-Jin Kim; Jeom-Gyu Lee; Se-Young Oh; Soo-Jong Hong Journal: World J Pediatr Date: 2016-10-15 Impact factor: 2.764
Authors: Christoffer Clemmensen; Timo D Müller; Stephen C Woods; Hans-Rudolf Berthoud; Randy J Seeley; Matthias H Tschöp Journal: Cell Date: 2017-02-23 Impact factor: 41.582