I Glimelius1,2, S Ekberg2, J Linderoth3, M Jerkeman3, E T Chang4, M Neovius2, K E Smedby5. 1. Section of Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. 2. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. 4. Health Sciences Practice, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 5. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. karin.ekstrom.smedby@ki.se.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study seeks to investigate the long-term public health burden of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in terms of work loss following contemporary treatment protocols and associations with established treatment complications and lymphoma relapse. METHODS: We identified 1,989 Swedish HL patients (1,082 with clinical information) aged 18-60 (median 33) years at diagnosis 1992-2009, and matched 1:4 to population comparators. Sick leave, disability pension (work loss), and comorbidity were retrieved through September 2013. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression, and mean lost work days were estimated yearly during follow-up. RESULTS: The risk of annual work loss was elevated in HL survivors versus comparators up to the 15th year post-diagnosis (RR(5th year) 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.84; RR(10th year) 1.33, 95% CI 1.15-1.34; and RR(15th year) 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.62). The risk remained elevated up to the 10th year after adjustment for secondary malignancies and cardiovascular disease (RR(10th year) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52). Advanced-stage patients had more lost days than comparators (mean number(5th year) 66 versus 33, mean difference 34, 95% CI 20-48) as did patients receiving 6-8 chemotherapy courses (62 versus 33, mean difference(5th year) 30, 95 % CI 17-43). Among patients in the first complete remission, a difference was still observed for advanced-stage (51 versus 33, mean difference(5th year) 19, 95% CI 5-34) but not early-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced-stage HL survivors treated with full-dose chemotherapy were at increased risk of work loss, not only explained by relapse, secondary malignancies, or cardiovascular disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: The results call for increased awareness and evaluation of reasons for long-term work disability following intensive chemotherapy among young HL survivors.
PURPOSE: This study seeks to investigate the long-term public health burden of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in terms of work loss following contemporary treatment protocols and associations with established treatment complications and lymphoma relapse. METHODS: We identified 1,989 Swedish HL patients (1,082 with clinical information) aged 18-60 (median 33) years at diagnosis 1992-2009, and matched 1:4 to population comparators. Sick leave, disability pension (work loss), and comorbidity were retrieved through September 2013. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression, and mean lost work days were estimated yearly during follow-up. RESULTS: The risk of annual work loss was elevated in HL survivors versus comparators up to the 15th year post-diagnosis (RR(5th year) 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.84; RR(10th year) 1.33, 95% CI 1.15-1.34; and RR(15th year) 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.62). The risk remained elevated up to the 10th year after adjustment for secondary malignancies and cardiovascular disease (RR(10th year) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52). Advanced-stage patients had more lost days than comparators (mean number(5th year) 66 versus 33, mean difference 34, 95% CI 20-48) as did patients receiving 6-8 chemotherapy courses (62 versus 33, mean difference(5th year) 30, 95 % CI 17-43). Among patients in the first complete remission, a difference was still observed for advanced-stage (51 versus 33, mean difference(5th year) 19, 95% CI 5-34) but not early-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced-stage HL survivors treated with full-dose chemotherapy were at increased risk of work loss, not only explained by relapse, secondary malignancies, or cardiovascular disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: The results call for increased awareness and evaluation of reasons for long-term work disability following intensive chemotherapy among young HL survivors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cancer survivorship; Chemotherapy; Disability pension; Hodgkin lymphoma; Sick leave; Work loss
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