A review of Solenysa spiders from Japan (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a comment on the type species S.mellotteei Simon, 1894.

The present paper gives a review of Solenysa species from Japan and provides a solution for the species bearing the generotype name Solenysamellotteei Simon, 1894. A total of six species are recorded, including two new species Solenysamacrodonta sp. n. and Solenysatrunciformis sp. n. The species collected from Kawasaki (NSMT-Ar 11154) and Hachioji should be the generotype Solenysamellotteei, with Solenysaakihisai Tu, 2011, syn. n. as its junior synonym. To distinguish these congeneric species from each other, their genital characters are provided in detail based on images collected by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy.

Introduction

The spider genus PageBreak was erected by Simon (1894) to accommodate the linyphiid species, Simon, 1894, which was collected from Japan by a French diplomat, A. Mellottée. Other species were described successively from other places in Japan, the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, and the Korean Peninsula (see review by Tu and Li 2006). In recent studies, several new species were sorted from the collections deposited in the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science (ex National Science Museum, Tokyo), Japan (Tu et al. 2007, Tu and Hormiga 2011, Ono 2011). Prior to this study, there were five species reported from Japan: Simon, 1894 (type locality: Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture), Tu, 2011 (type locality: Hachioji, Tokyo), Ono, 2011 (type locality: Okazaki-shi, Aichi Prefecture), Tu, Ono & Li, 2007 (type locality: Mt. Ibuki-yama, Shiga Prefecture) and Tu, Ono & Li, 2007 (type locality: Itsuki-mura, Kumamoto Prefecture). According to results of a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, the twelve known species were divided into four groups, and the four species from Japan share a complex of genital characters, forming the group (Tu and Hormiga 2011).

As more species were recognized, a problem regarding the type species of emerged. Generally, the species occurring in Japan are endemic, have a restricted distribution with little overlap (Fig. 7). Small in body size, similar in somatic features and genital morphology, it is difficult to distinguish them from each other without examining their genitalia in detail (Tu and Hormiga 2011). Consequently, all spiders collected from the islands of Japan have long been identified as (Oi 1960, Yaginuma 1986, Irie and Saito 1987, Chikuni 1989, Lee et al. 2004, Tu and Li 2006). Redescriptions for the species currently bearing the generotype name, , in reviews of were not based on the type material (Tu and Li 2006, Tu and Hormiga 2011) and the species are different from those collected from the places more adjacent to the inferred type locality (Ono 2011). It is necessary to make a review to distinguish the species of the group and to establish the identity of the generotype . From the materials collected throughout the islands of Japan, we identified six species in total, including two new species and one new synonymy. In the present study, all these spiders were studied by using scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy to show genital characters in detail. Descriptions for the new species and redescriptions for the known species are presented.

Figure 7.

Collecting locations of species from Japan. ● □ sp. n. ▲ △ ○ ■ sp. n. ★ type locality of .

Materials and methods

Specimens were examined and measured by using a Leica MZ16A stereo microscope. Further details, such as epigynes, were studied with a Leica DM5500B compound microscope. Digital images were taken with a Leica DFC 500 camera and as a composite of multiple focus images assembled using the software package Leica Application Suite. Epigynes were cleared in methyl salicylate (Holm 1979) for examination under the microscope and temporarily mounted as described by Grandjean (1949) and Coddington (1983). SEM images were taken by using a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope at China Agriculture University. For SEM examination, the PageBreakspecimens were prepared as described by Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga (2008). The non-chitinous abdominal tissue was digested with Sigma Pancreatin LP 1750 enzyme complex to expose the internal structures for examination. Due to the unavailability of specimen, no SEM image provided for the male palp of .

All measurements are given in millimeters. The leg measurements are given in the following sequence: Total (femur, patella+tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Terminology for the genital characters follows Tu and Hormiga (2011). The specimens examined here have been deposited in the Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan (NSMT) and in College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing (China).

Anatomical abbreviations used in the text and figures

Male palp

ATA

anterior terminal apophysis

DSA

distal suprategular apophysis

E

embolus

LC

lamella characteristica

LC1

anterior branch of LC

LC2

median branch of LC

LC3

posterior branch of LC

MTA

median terminal apophysis

P

paracymbium

PBP

cymbial probasal process

PTA

posterior terminal apophysis

R

radix

STT

solenysa tegular triangle

T

tegulum

Epigyne

CG

copulatory groove

CO

copulatory opening

DP

dorsal plate

EC

epigynal collar

FG

fertilization groove

S

spermatheca

SL

solenoid

VP

ventral plate

Taxonomy

Blackwall, 1859

Simon, 1894

Type species.

Simon, 1894.

Composition.

Fourteen species including two new species: Seo, 1996, Tu, 2011, Li & Song, 1992, sp. n., Simon, 1894, Ono, 2011, Tu, Ono & Li, 2007, Gao, Zhu & Sha, 1993, Tu, Ono & Li, 2007, Tu, 2011, Tu, 2011, sp. n., Li & Song, 1992 and Tu, 2011.

Diagnosis.

species can be distinguished from all other linyphiids by the four lobes at the sides of carapace, the rounded pits scattered on the carapace and the tubular-shaped petiole (Fig. 1A–B). Females are also diagnosed by the presence of a long membranous solenoid, connecting between the epigyne and the abdomen (Fig. 1D), males by the presence of tegular triangle in male palp (Fig. 2A).

Figure 1.

sp. n. (A–D) and (E). A male, dorsal B female, lateral C male palpal embolic division, ventral, arrows indicate two anterior protrusions of MTA D epigyne, dorsal E female, lateral in living state, showing non-functional state of epigyne. CO copulatory opening; CG copulatory groove; DP dorsal plate; DSA distal suprategular apophysis; E embolus; EC epigynal collar; FG fertilization groove; LC lamella characteristica; LC1 anterior LC branch; LC median LC branch; LC posterior LC branch; MTA median terminal apophysis; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; R radix; S spermatheca; SL solenoid. Photo of provided by Akihisa Andoh. [Scale bars: mm]

Figure 2.

. A male palp, retrolateral B ditto, ventral C anterior part of male abdomen, ventral, shows epiandrous fusules absent and smooth book lung cover D female palp, shows tarsus claw absent E male chelicera, ectal, shows stridulatory striae F female chelicerae. ATA anterior terminal apophysis; DSA distal suprategular apophysis; E embolus; LC lamella characteristica; LC anterior LC branch; LC median LC branch; LC posterior LC branch; MTA median terminal apophysis; P paracymbium; PBP probasal cymbial process; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; PTP proximal tibial process; RLP cymbial retrolateral process; STT tegular triangle; T tegulum. [Scale bars: mm]

Description.

See Tu and Li (2006) and Tu and Hormiga (2011).

Distribution.

Japan, Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Korea.

Comments.

The subfamily placement of remains controversial as its complex type of male palp with well developed lamella characteristica and terminal apophysis is like those in Hull, 1920, but the simple type of epigyne is like those in Emerton, 1882. Based on the movable epigyne, Saaristo (2007) included it in his new subfamily Saaristo, 2007. However, the results of a phylogenetic analysis of queried the monophyly of “ipaines”, and suggested that “micronetines” and erigonines form a monophyletic group (Arnedo et al. 2009). Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis of erigonines based on morphological data showed that all species form a monophyly robustly supported by a long list of synapomorphies, and other synapomorphies suggested its close relationship with erigonines although its sister group remained unresolved (Tu and Hormiga 2011). Accordingly, the well-developed lamella characteristica and terminal apophysis in should be regarded as homologous to those of “micronetines” and secondarily lost in erigonines; their simple type epigyne also derived from the complex type of “micronetines”. The morphology of solenoid in is different from the extensive basal parts in Sun, Marusik & Tu, 2014 and (Chen & Yin, 2000) (Sun et al. 2014: figs 4G, 5G), and in (Pakhorukov, 1981), (Tanasevitch, 1988) and (Oi, 1960) (Tanasevitch 1996: figs 7–9). Whether the movable epigyne has a single origin or independently evolved multiple times in linyphiids needs to be tested in future studies.

A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data (Tu and Hormiga 2011) suggested that the twelve known PageBreakPageBreak species are divided into four clades. Among them, the four species occurring in Japan formed a monophyletic clade, unambiguously supported by the following synapomorphies: the presences of hook shaped cymbial probasal process, half rounded tegular triangle and copulatory grooves enter the spermathecae from the outer sides.

Tu & Hormiga, 2011

Six species: Simon, 1894, sp. n., Ono, 2011, Tu, Ono & Li, 2007, Tu, Ono & Li, 2007 and sp. n.

Males of group are distinguished from all other three groups by the spiral plate-shaped embolus (Fig. 3E), the hook-shaped cymbial probasal process and by the half rounded tegular triangle (Fig. 2A). Females are characterized by the dorsoventrally folded solenoid (Figs 4C, 5C), the spherical spermathecae and the pocket shaped copulatory grooves entering the spermathecae from the outer sides (Fig. 1D).

Figure 3.

Male palpal embolic division. A sp. n., ventral, arrow indicates central tooth B sp. n., ventral, arrows indicate central tooth and two anterior protrusions of MTA C , ventral D , ventral E , anterior F , anterior. ATA anterior terminal apophysis; DSA distal suprategular apophysis; E embolus; LC lamella characteristica; LC anterior LC branch; LC median LC branch; LC posterior LC branch; MTA median terminal apophysis; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; STT tegular triangle. [Scale bars: mm]

Figure 4.

Epigyne. (A–B), sp. n. (C–D), (E–F). A, C, E ventral, A with epigynal collar removed B, D, F dorsal. CO copulatory opening; DP dorsal plate; EC epigynal collar; FG fertilization groove; VP ventral plate; SL solenoid. [Scale bars: mm]

Figure 5.

Epigyne. (A–B), (C–D), sp. n. (E–F). A, C ventral B, D, F, dorsal E lateral, with solenoid artificially loosened. CO copulatory opening; DP dorsal plate; EC epigynal collar; FG fertilization groove; VP ventral plate; SL solenoid. [Scale bars: mm]

All species have quite uniform somatic morphology. Somatic characters as in the genus description (see also Tu and Li 2006, Tu and Hormiga 2011).

Male palp (Fig. 2A–B). Tibia twice as long as patella, with proximal process furnished by two long bristles. Cymbium with hook-like proximal process and small retrolateral process, forming articulation with proximal arm of U-shaped paracymbium. Tegulum with half rounded tegular triangle and stout distal suprategular apophysis. Embolic division (Fig. 6): embolus spiral plate shaped with two apophyses, one at outer margin, and one distally (Fig. 3E). Radix embedded within membranous area connecting terminal apophysis and lamella characteristica (Figs 1C, 2B). Terminal apophysis divided into three parts, with median one as enlarged sclerite. Lamella characteristica with three well-developed branches, anterior branch (LC1) stout and extending forward, following embolus trajectory; median one (LC2) long and slender, dragging backwards and pointing forward, bifid in some species (Fig. 3A); posterior one (LC3) sharp and strongly sclerotized, bifid in some species (Fig. 3B).

Figure 6.

Male palpal embolic division, ventral. A B sp. n., arrows indicate central tooth C D E , arrows indicate two anterior protrusions F sp. n., arrows indicate central tooth and two anterior protrusions of MTA. ATA anterior terminal apophysis; E embolus; LC lamella characteristica; LC anterior LC branch; LC median LC branch; LC posterior LC branch; MTA median terminal apophysis; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; STT tegular triangle. [Scale bars: mm]

Epigyne (Figs 1D, 4A–B). Strongly sclerotized box-shaped, having a well-developed epigynal collar at anterior part connecting with solenoid. Solenoid flexible, dorsoventrally folded (Fig. 5C) in non-functional stage, holding epigyne up (Fig. 1E). Spermathecae large spherical. Copulatory openings as a pair of crescent shaped slits hidden on dorsal surface. Copulatory grooves enlarged into half round pocket-shaped, matching to spiral plate-shaped embolus, entering spermathecae outboard. Fertilization grooves convergent, extending forward.

Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Fig. 7).

Simon, 1894

Figs 2 , 4A–B , 6A

Simon, 1894: 677;

:

:

Material examined.

1♂ and 1♀ (NSMT-Ar 11154), Japan, Honshu, Kanagawa Prefecture, Kawasaki-shi, Asao-ku, Kurokawa, 35°32'N, 139°43'E, 15 Nov. 1997, coll. Mitsuru Ban; 1♂ and 2♀♀, Japan, Honshu, Tokyo, Hachioji, 35°42'N, 139°18'E, 20 Dec. 2003, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 3♂♂ and 3♀♀ (CNU-J02), Japan, Honshu, Ibaraki Prefecture, Mito-shi, Tara, 36°24.35'N, 140°24.55'E, 27 Nov. 2000, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 3♂♂ and 7♀♀, Japan, Honshu, Tokyo, Hachioji, Kamikawa, 35°42.55'N, 139°15.23'E, alt. 230 m, 9 Nov. 2008, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 5♂♂ and 2♀♀ (CNU-J22), Japan, Honshu, Kanagawa Prefecture, Miura, Ko-ajiro, 35°09.88'N, 139°37.65'E, alt. 20 m, 1 Mar. 2008, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 2♂♂ (CNU-J32), Japan, Honshu, Ibaraki Prefecture, Mito, Tano, 36°24.55'N, 140°24.38'E, alt. 45 m, 13 Jun. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh.

is similar to and in male palps having the posterior branch of lamella characteristica (LC3) divided into two parts (Fig. 6A, C, D), and in females having an apple-shaped epigyne. Males can be distinguished by: the anterior part of LC3 is flag-shaped in (Fig. 2B), long spike-shaped in (Fig. 3C) and (Fig. 3D); the posterior part of LC3 S-curved in (Fig. 3C), L-curved in (Fig. 3D). Females can be distinguished by the inverse triangular epigynal collar and the dorsal plate as wide as long in (Fig. 4A, Tu and Hormiga 2011: fig. 8I), the dorsal plate wider than long in and (Fig. 5B, D), and the epigynal collar more than four times wider than long in (Fig. 5B), less than twice wider than long in (Tu and Hormiga 2011: fig. 11I).

has somatic morphology typical of (Fig. 1A, B, E) and a genital pattern of the group (Fig. 2A–B). For somatic and genital characters, see the description provided by Tu and Hormiga (2011) for , the junior synonym of .

Japan (Honshu, Fig. 7).

The problem with the identification of the generotype arose because species occurring in Japan, previously all identified as , are now distinguished as six species. Since most of them have restricted distributions without any overlap (Fig. 7), it has long remained ambiguous which species is the original described by Simon (1894). The type material of was not located (Tu and Li 2006), and the original description by Simon (1894) did not provide detailed information about the type locality. According to Ono (2011), the French diplomat A. Mellottée, who had spent only two years in Japan, stayed in the foreign settlement at Yokohama and collected spiders in the surrounding area. All his collections were contributed to the National Museum of Natural History, Paris (Ono 1987, Takahashi 2000) and studied by Simon (1886a, 1886b, 1889, 1893, 1894, 1895). For that reason, Ono (2011) inferred the type locality of PageBreak should be Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. In the first review of the genus by Tu and Li (2006), the redescription of was based on a pair of specimens sent by a Japanese scholar and did not include any collecting data. In the phylogenetic revision of (Tu and Hormiga 2011), the supplementary material of the same species did not come from the type locality, but from Esuzaki, Susami-cho, Wakayama Prefecture. However, specimens collected from Hachioji, Tokyo, which is much closer to the type locality (Fig. 7), were proposed as a new species . In the present study we examined material collected from three localities adjacent to Yokohama: Hachioji, Kawasaki (NSMT-Ar 11154) and Miura (Fig. 7), as well as specimens from Mito, and found that they are the same species, which should bear the generotype name , and is a junior synonym of it. The materials collected from Wakayama Prefecture, and those from Shikoku Island are proposed here as a new species sp. n.

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/E937495C-A852-4FB6-8739-F40F5AA5C1E8

Figs 3A , 4C–D

Types.

Male holotype (CNU-J21), Japan, Honshu, Shimane Prefecture, Yunotsu, Nishida, 35°05.06'N, 132°24.10'E, 27 Jul. 2006, coll. Akihisa Andoh. Paratype, 1♀, same data as holotype.

The male palp of sp. n. is similar to those of sp. n. and in the presence of a central tooth at the membranous area embedded the radix (Figs 1C, 3A, 6B), the forked apex of the median branch of lamella characteristica and the long spike-shaped posterior branch (Fig. 3A–B). They can be distinguished from each other by the median part of terminal apophysis, which has a serrate margin in sp. n. (Fig. 3A), but with two anterior protrusions in sp. n. (Fig. 3B) and (Tu et al. 2007: fig. 1D), which is truncate in the former species and pointed in the latter species. The short epigyne of sp. n. is similar to those of and , having the dorsal plate wider than long (Fig. 5D). They can be distinguished from each other by the maximum width in ventral view; at the anterior part in (Fig. 5C), in the middle in sp. n. (Fig. 4C), and posterior in (Fig. 4E), which also has a straight posterior margin.

Male holotype. Total length 1.33. Carapace, 0.8 long, 0.48 wide. Abdomen, 0.53 long, 0.38 wide. Chelicera with four promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Length of legs: I 2.53 (0.68 + 0.80 + 0.58 + 0.47); II 2.25 (0.60 + 0.66 + 0.50 + 0.49); III 1.69 (0.47 + 0.50 + 0.39 + 0.33); IV 1.98 (0.61 + 0.64 + 0.43 + 0.30). Tm I: 0.23, Tm IV absent. Measurements for the female were not possible since the single specimen was prepared for SEM examination. Other somatic characters are as in the genus description (Fig. 1A, B, E; see also Tu and Li 2006, Tu and Hormiga 2011).

Male palp (Fig. 3B). General male palpal characters are as in the description for the PageBreak group. Embolic division (Fig. 6B): radix embedded in the central membranous area connecting with terminal apophysis and lamella characteristica, from where a central tooth protrudes. Median part of terminal apophysis as large sclerite with serrated margin. Anterior branch of lamella characteristica reduced, stout and extending forward following embolus; the median branch ribbon-like, long and slender, dragging backwards, then folding forward, with forked apex, one sharp, one with threaded margin; the posterior long spike-shaped and strongly sclerotized.

Epigyne (Fig. 4C–D). Twice as wide as long in ventral view, with maximum width in the middle. Posterior margin centrally incised. Dorsal plate wider than long.

Etymology.

The species name is based on the Latin ‘macrodontus’ in reference to the large central tooth protruding from the membranous area connecting with terminal apophysis and lamella characteristica (Fig. 3A).

Japan (Honshu, Fig. 7).

Ono, 2011

Figs 3C, E , 5A–B

Ono, 2011: 126, figs 11–17.

Male holotype (NSMT-Ar 9741), Japan, Honshu, Aichi Prefecture, Okazaki-shi, Okuyamada-cho, Mt. Murazumi-yama, alt. 200–250 m, 5 May 2011, coll. Kiyoto Ogata. Paratypes, 1♀ (NSMT-Ar 9742), same data as holotype; 2♀♀ and 2♂♂ (NSMT-Ar 9743), same data as holotype.

The genital characters of are very similar to those of (Figs 3C–F, 6C–D). The male palp is diagnosed by the posterior branch of the lamella characteristica with two long free ends, the longer one in is sigmoid curved in ventral view (Fig. 3C), almost a circle in anterior view (Fig. 3E), while in L-curved in ventral view (Fig. 3D), half circle in anterior view (Fig. 3F). The epigyne can be distinguished by the epigynal collar, which is more than four times wider than long in (Fig. 5B), but less than twice as wide than long in (Tu and Hormiga 2011: fig. 11I).

Somatic characters as in the genus description and for genital characters see Ono (2011).

Japan (Honshu, Fig. 7).

Tu, Ono & Li, 2007

Figs 1E , 3D, F , 5C–D

:

Tu, Ono & Li, 2007: 60, fig. 2A–D;

Type.

Male holotype (NSMT-Ar 2776), Japan, Honshu, Shiga Prefecture, Mt. Ibuki, 35°12'N, 136°12'E, 11 Nov. 1957, coll. Ryoji Oi.

Additional Material examined.

3♂♂ and 3♀♀, Japan, Honshu, Tokyo, Omeshi, Mitake, 35°48'N, E139°10.80'E, 17 Oct. 2004, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 3♂♂ and 3♀♀ (CNU-J01), Japan, Houshu, Tokyo, Ome-shi, Mitake, 35°48.08'N, E139°11.15'E, 17 Oct. 2004, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 3♀♀ (CNU-J25), Japan, Honshu, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima-shi, Kanayagawa, 37°41.42'N, 140°27.18'E, alt. 190 m, 28 Feb. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 2♂♂ and 3♀♀ (CNU-J31), Japan, Honshu, Shiga Prefecture, Maibara (base of Mt. Ibuki), Ohshimizu, 35°22.37'N, 136°24.08'E, alt. 190 m, 2 Jun. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 1♀ (CNU-J33), Japan, Honshu, Niigata Prefecture, Niitsu, Akihayama, 37°47.02'N, 139° 08.32'E, alt. 50 m, 20 Jun. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 1♀ (CNU-J34), Japan, Honshu, Niigata Prefecture, Niitsu, 37°46'N, 139°08.20'E, alt. 50 m, 20 Jun. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 2♀♀ (CNU-J35), Japan, Honshu, Akita Prefecture, Akita-shi, Katsurane, 39°39.32'N, 140°05.10'E, alt. 60 m, 2 Jul. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 4♂♂ and 7♀♀ (CNU-J36), Japan, Honshu, Miyagi Prefecture, Sendai, Mt.Takamori, 38°19.03'N, 140°56.17'E, 23 Aug. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 2♂♂ and 1♀ (CNU-J39), Japan, Honshu, Tokyo, Ome, Yugi, 35°48.18'N, 139°11.98'E, alt. 240 m, 12 Sept. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh.

See diagnosis for .

Somatic characters as in the genus description (Fig. 1E, see also Tu and Li 2006, Tu and Hormiga 2011), and genital characters see the descriptions by Tu et al. (2007) and Tu and Hormiga (2011).

Japan (Honshu, Fig. 7).

Tu, Ono & Li, 2007

Fig. 4E–F

Tu, Ono & Li, 2007: 58, fig. 1A–H;

Male holotype (NSMT-Ar 3905), Japan, Kyushu, Kumamato Prefecture, Kuma-gun, Itsukimura, Shimo-kajiwara, 32°12'N, 130°30'E, 27 Oct. 1981, coll. Teruo Irie. Paratype, 1♂ and 2♀♀, same data as holotype.

Additional material examined.

2♀♀ (CNU-J28), Japan, Kyushu, Kumamoto Prefecture, Itsuki, Touji, 32°23.63'N, 130°49.67'E, alt. 310 m, 27 Apr. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 1♀ (CNU-J29), Japan, Kyushu, Kumamoto Prefecture, Sagara, 32°8.67'N, 130°51.53'E, alt. 590 m, 28 Apr. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 1♀ (CNU-J30), Japan, Kyushu, Kumamoto Prefecture, Sagara, Nagae, 32°18.67'N, 130°51.53'E, alt. 170 m, 22 Jul. 2006, coll. Akihisa Andoh.

See the diagnosis for sp. n.

Somatic characters as in the genus description (see also Tu and Li 2006, Tu and Hormiga 2011), and genital characters as in the description by Tu et al. (2007).

Japan (Kyushu, Fig. 7).

http://zoobank.org/AD5A06F1-6832-4FFB-B5E0-652F483A491A

Figs 1A–D , 3B , 5E–F

:

Male holotype (CNU-J26), Japan, Honshu, Wakayama Prefecture, Shirahama, Tondazaka, 33°37.53'N, 135°25.35'E, alt. 310 m, 31 Mar. 2009, coll. Akihisa Andoh. Paratypes, 2♂♂ and 9♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♂ and 1♀ (CNU-J23), Japan, Shikoku, Kagawa Prefecture, Takamatsu, Nishi-ueda, 34°13.22'N, 134°04.62'E, alt. 130 m, 19 Jul. 2008, coll. Akihisa Andoh; 1♂ and 3♀♀ (CNU-J05), Japan, Honshu, Wakayama Prefecture, Susami-cho, Esuzaki, 33°30'N, 135°34.20'E, 24 Aug. 1981, coll. Yoshito Ishii.

The male palpal characters of sp. n. (Figs 1C, 3B, 6F) are similar to those of sp. n. and ; to distinguish them see the diagnosis for sp. n. The female is distinguished by the apple-shaped epigyne with a rectangular epigynal collar (Fig. 5F).

Somatic characters as in the genus description and genital characters as in the descriptions for by Tu and Li (2006) and Tu and Hormiga (2011).

The species name comes from the Latin ‘trunciformis’ in reference to truncate apex of anterior protrusion in front of median terminal apophysis (Fig. 1C).

Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Fig. 7).

1	Male	2
–	Female	7
2	LC2 with a forked apex, LC3 unbranched (Fig. 3A)	3
–	LC2 with a sharp apex, LC3 includes two parts (Fig. 3C)	5
3	MTA with serrated margin (Fig. 3A)	Solenysa macrodonta sp. n.
–	MTA with smooth margin and two anterior protrusions (Fig. 3B)	4
4	First protrusion truncate (Fig. 3B)	Solenysa trunciformis sp. n.
–	First protrusion pointed (Tu et al. 2007, fig. 1D)	Solenysa reflexilis
5	Anterior part of LC3 flag-shaped (Fig. 2B)	Solenysa mellotteei
–	Anterior part of LC3 spike-shaped (Fig. 3C–D)	6
6	Posterior part of LC3 S-curved (Fig. 3C)	Solenysa ogatai
–	Posterior part of LC3 L-curved (Fig. 3D)	Solenysa partibilis
7	Dorsal plate almost as wide as long (Fig. 4B)	8
–	Dorsal plate wider than long (Fig. 5B)	9
8	Epigynal collar inversed triangular (Fig. 4A)	Solenysa mellotteei
–	Epigynal collar rectangular (Fig. 5F)	Solenysa trunciformis sp. n.
9	Posterior margin of epigyne centrally incised (Fig. 4A–C)	10
–	Posterior margin of epigyne straight (Fig. 4E)	Solenysa reflexilis
10	Maximum width at anterior part (Fig. 5A)	11
–	Maximum width in middle (Fig. 4C)	Solenysa macrodonta sp. n.
11	Epigynal collar more than four times wider than long (Fig. 5B)	Solenysa ogatai
–	Epigynal collar less twice wider than long (Tu and Hormiga 2011: fig. 11I)	Solenysa partibilis