Tom C Russ1, Mika Kivimäki2, Joanne R Morling3, John M Starr4, Emmanuel Stamatakis5, G David Batty6. 1. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network, NHS Scotland, UK. Electronic address: tc.russ@ed.ac.uk. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK. 3. Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. 4. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network, NHS Scotland, UK. 5. Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 6. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as obesity and hypertension, have been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it might also be associated, directly or indirectly, with liver disease. We investigated the relationship between psychological distress (measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ]) and liver disease mortality. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of data from individual participants in 16 prospective studies of the general population in the United Kingdom, initiated from 1994 through 2008. Subjects were assigned to groups based on GHQ score: 0 (no distress), 1-3, 4-6, or 7-12. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 166,631 individuals (55% women; mean ± SD age, 46.6 ± 18.4 years; range, 16-102 years). During a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 17,368 participants died (457 with liver disease). We found a significant increase in liver disease mortality with increase in GHQ score (Ptrend < .001). The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for the highest GHQ score category (ie, 7-12), compared with the 0 score category, was 3.48 (95% confidence interval: 2.68-4.52). After adjustment for health behaviors, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and diabetes, this hazard ratio decreased to 2.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.82-3.68). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, psychological distress is associated with liver disease mortality, although this finding requires additional analysis. Although one is not likely to cause the other, we provide additional evidence for the deleterious effects of psychological problems on physical health.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as obesity and hypertension, have been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it might also be associated, directly or indirectly, with liver disease. We investigated the relationship between psychological distress (measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ]) and liver disease mortality. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of data from individual participants in 16 prospective studies of the general population in the United Kingdom, initiated from 1994 through 2008. Subjects were assigned to groups based on GHQ score: 0 (no distress), 1-3, 4-6, or 7-12. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 166,631 individuals (55% women; mean ± SD age, 46.6 ± 18.4 years; range, 16-102 years). During a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 17,368 participants died (457 with liver disease). We found a significant increase in liver disease mortality with increase in GHQ score (Ptrend < .001). The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for the highest GHQ score category (ie, 7-12), compared with the 0 score category, was 3.48 (95% confidence interval: 2.68-4.52). After adjustment for health behaviors, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and diabetes, this hazard ratio decreased to 2.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.82-3.68). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, psychological distress is associated with liver disease mortality, although this finding requires additional analysis. Although one is not likely to cause the other, we provide additional evidence for the deleterious effects of psychological problems on physical health.
Authors: Jie-Yu Chen; Ke-Qiang Yu; Xiao-Min Sun; Ze-Wei Chen; Liu-Yan Kuang; Yan-Zhao Ji; Xiao-Shan Zhao; Ren Luo Journal: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Date: 2016-02-20
Authors: Kavish R Patidar; Leroy R Thacker; James B Wade; Melanie B White; Edith A Gavis; Andrew Fagan; Richard K Sterling; Michael Fuchs; Mohammad S Siddiqui; Scott Matherly; Richard T Stravitz; Arun J Sanyal; Puneet Puri; Velimir A Luketic; Jasmohan S Bajaj Journal: Dig Dis Sci Date: 2017-03-03 Impact factor: 3.199
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