Marie Bee Hui Yap1, Anthony Francis Jorm2. 1. School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: marie.yap@monash.edu. 2. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a burgeoning and varied literature examining the associations between parental factors and depression or anxiety disorders in children. However, there is hitherto no systematic review of this complex literature with a focus on the 5-11 years age range, when there is a steep increase in onset of these disorders. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the evidence in prevention, a focus on modifiable factors is required. METHODS: Employing the PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review of parental factors associated with anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems in children which parents can potentially modify. RESULTS: We identified 141 articles altogether, with 53 examining anxiety, 50 examining depression, and 70 examining internalizing outcomes. Stouffer׳s method of combining p-values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable, and meta-analyses were conducted with a subset of eligible studies to estimate the mean effect sizes of associations between each parental factor and outcome. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include sacrificing micro-level detail for a macro-level synthesis of the literature, the lack of generalizability across cultures, and the inability to conduct a meta-analysis on all included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Parental factors with a sound evidence base indicating increased risk for both depression and internalizing problems include more inter-parental conflict and aversiveness; and for internalizing outcomes additionally, they include less warmth and more abusive parenting and over-involvement. No sound evidence linking any parental factor with anxiety outcomes was found.
BACKGROUND: There is a burgeoning and varied literature examining the associations between parental factors and depression or anxiety disorders in children. However, there is hitherto no systematic review of this complex literature with a focus on the 5-11 years age range, when there is a steep increase in onset of these disorders. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the evidence in prevention, a focus on modifiable factors is required. METHODS: Employing the PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review of parental factors associated with anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems in children which parents can potentially modify. RESULTS: We identified 141 articles altogether, with 53 examining anxiety, 50 examining depression, and 70 examining internalizing outcomes. Stouffer׳s method of combining p-values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable, and meta-analyses were conducted with a subset of eligible studies to estimate the mean effect sizes of associations between each parental factor and outcome. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include sacrificing micro-level detail for a macro-level synthesis of the literature, the lack of generalizability across cultures, and the inability to conduct a meta-analysis on all included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Parental factors with a sound evidence base indicating increased risk for both depression and internalizing problems include more inter-parental conflict and aversiveness; and for internalizing outcomes additionally, they include less warmth and more abusive parenting and over-involvement. No sound evidence linking any parental factor with anxiety outcomes was found.
Authors: Carol M Musil; Heather M Rice; Mark Singer; Sarah E Givens; Camille B Warner; Jaclene A Zauszniewski; Christopher J Burant; Valerie B Toly; Alexandra B Jeanblanc Journal: West J Nurs Res Date: 2017-07-24 Impact factor: 1.967
Authors: Rosalind D Butterfield; Jennifer S Silk; Kyung Hwa Lee; Greg S Siegle; Ronald E Dahl; Erika E Forbes; Neal D Ryan; Jill M Hooley; Cecile D Ladouceur Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2021-02