Lenka Kramná1, Kateřina Kolářová1, Sami Oikarinen2, Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo3, Jorma Ilonen4, Olli Simell5, Mikael Knip6, Riitta Veijola7, Heikki Hyöty8, Ondrej Cinek9. 1. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. 2. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 3. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 4. Department of Immunogenetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. 6. Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Folklhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 8. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. 9. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic ondrej.cinek@lfmotol.cuni.cz.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to characterize the gut virome at the onset of islet autoimmunity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort. The stool virome in 19 case children, who turned islet autoantibody positive before the age of 2 years and later developed clinical type 1 diabetes, and 19 tightly matched control subjects was analyzed using NGS performed from stool samples collected 3, 6, and 9 months before the onset of islet autoimmunity. Human virus findings were verified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: One or more human viruses were present in 10.4% and bacteriophages were in 54% of the samples. The virome composition showed no association with islet autoimmunity. NGS was less sensitive and specific than real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest no dramatic changes in the gut virome shortly before the emergence of islet autoimmunity and emphasize the need of verification of mass sequencing results when viral exposure is assessed in association studies.
OBJECTIVE: This study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to characterize the gut virome at the onset of islet autoimmunity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort. The stool virome in 19 case children, who turned islet autoantibody positive before the age of 2 years and later developed clinical type 1 diabetes, and 19 tightly matched control subjects was analyzed using NGS performed from stool samples collected 3, 6, and 9 months before the onset of islet autoimmunity. Human virus findings were verified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: One or more human viruses were present in 10.4% and bacteriophages were in 54% of the samples. The virome composition showed no association with islet autoimmunity. NGS was less sensitive and specific than real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest no dramatic changes in the gut virome shortly before the emergence of islet autoimmunity and emphasize the need of verification of mass sequencing results when viral exposure is assessed in association studies.
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